Vegetative Propagation of Forest Trees

0467998 - ÚEB 2017 KR eng M - Monography Chapter
Vondráková, Zuzana - Krajňáková, J. - Fischerová, Lucie - Vágner, Martin - Eliášová, Kateřina
Physiology and role of plant growth regulators in somatic embryogenesis.
Vegetative Propagation of Forest Trees. Seoul: National Institute of Forest Science, 2016 - (Park, Y.; Bonga, J.; Moon, H.), s. 123-169
Institutional support: RVO:61389030
Keywords : phytohormones * tissue cultures * embryo
Subject RIV: GK - Forestry
http://www.iufro.org/download/file/24668/4296/vegetative-propagation-of-forest-trees_pdf

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the developmental process by which somatic
cells, under suitable induction conditions, undergo restructuring through the
embryogenic pathway to generate embryogenic cells and consequently the whole
plant. Within the process of SE, a single cell or a group of cells with similar
morphology and genetic background respond to external stimuli produced by the
surrounding tissue, in the case of natural settings, or present in the tissue culture
medium. These stimuli launch a genetic program that leads to the establishment of
cell lineages with an altered gene transcription pattern, and a different morphology
and developmental fate. The key substances controlling the whole process of SE
are phytohormones. Generally they are characterized as natural substances with
signalling ability important for connections between cells, tissues and/or organs in
the plant. Their specific information depends on the chemical structure of the
phytohormone and on the ability of plants to receive the signal and induce a
physiological response in the target plant tissue. In the present review, we focussed
on seven main groups of regulators that have a fundamental influence on different
developmental stages of SE - auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic
acid, polyamines and phenolic compounds. We provide an overview of current
knowledge of phytohormonal regulation of embryo development including the
effect of crosstalks between phytohormones and/or plant growth regulators in terms
of highly coordinated interactions within phytohormones signalling pathways. We
considered the main mechanism of regulation in plant/embryo development as
revealed by studies from zygotic as well as somatic embryos using the modern
approaches of molecular biology and advanced microscopic techniques. When
possible, examples from SE of conifers will be given.
Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0265926