0461691 - ÚVGZ 2018 RIV GB eng J - Journal Article
Potopová, V. - Zahradníček, Pavel - Štěpánek, Petr - Türkott, L. - Farda, Aleš - Soukup, J.
The impacts of key adverse weather events on the field-grown vegetable yield variability in the Czech Republic from 1961 to 2014.
International Journal of Climatology. Roč. 37, č. 3 (2017), s. 1648-1664. ISSN 0899-8418. E-ISSN 1097-0088
R&D Projects: GA MŠMT(CZ) LO1415; GA ČR GA13-19831S; GA MŠMT(CZ) LD14043
Institutional support: RVO:67179843
Keywords : vegetable crops * yield losses * dry days * dry spells * extended dry spells * heavy precipitation * heat stress * heat wave * evapotranspiration * drought indices (SPI/SPEI scPDSI/scZ-index)
OECD category: Meteorology and atmospheric sciences
Impact factor: 3.100, year: 2017

The response of field-grown vegetables to adverse weather conditions is strongly coupled to the timing of adverseevents,thesensitivityofthegrowthstageoftheimpactedcropandthemanagementactionsthataretaken.Toestimate the long-term yield response to changes in temperature and precipitation as well as the short-term response to key adverse weather events (e.g. heavy precipitation, drought and heat stress) on the yields of vegetable crops, we used several statistical approaches with six daily impact-indicators, the four monthly drought indices and the climate trends. Our study integrated a newly available historical yield dataset at the district level (the finest spatial resolution) for all highly marketable vegetables (celeriac, late carrots, root parsley, early kohlrabi, summer savoy cabbage, late cauliflower, late cabbage, onions, green peas, tomatoes,saladandpicklingcucumbers)andahigh-resolutionhistoricalclimatedataset(sevendailymeteorologicalvariables at a 10×10km resolution) over a 54-year period in the Czech Republic (CZ). Different indices were used to reflect different dimensions of water and heat stress, which have different impacts on vegetable growth and yield. We find positive long-term impacts of recent warming on fruiting vegetables (from 4.9 to 12.2%∘C−1) but decreases in the yield stability of traditionally grownrootvegetablesinthewarmestareasofthecountry.Short-termextremetemperaturevariabilities(dayswithheatstress) were found to be the dominant type of adverse event for tomato and cucumber production due to its effect on increased soil water demand, which increased transpiration rates, whereas changes in both the diurnal temperature ranges and minimum temperature (Tmin) were associated with minimal risk of frost damage. Brassicas vegetables are widely irrigated in the CZ, but irrigation does not fully mitigate drought effects, hence, short-term extreme precipitation variability largely controls crop production in the growing districts. The high frequencies of dry days and days with heavy precipitation within the critical growth stages of brassicas reflect a competition between more dry days and greater precipitation intensity on wet days. The yieldvariabilityofbulbsislargelyexplainedbybothshort-termextremeprecipitationandtemperaturevariability(drought-heat stress), which reflects the predominantly rain-fed system of onion cultivation. Both drought and heat stress and changes in Tmin were important in explaining yield losses of root vegetables. Legumes had the lowest risk of multiple stresses during their short growth cycle, but droughts remain the dominant type of adverse event. Years with yield gains were substantially more common than years with yield losses for brassicas, bulbs and legumes vegetables in all of the cultivated regions.

Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0264280