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Endoscopes and similar instruments use bundles of optical fibers to relay each pixel of an image from facet to facet. But even one of these multi-mode fibers supports enough modes to relay a complete image, the problem being that modal dispersion results in the image being scrambled. However, by treating the fiber as a complex aberration and applying corrective beam shaping it is possible to relay an image along the fiber length. Here we show that by beam-shaping of a pulsed laser we can produce a scanning spot at the distil end of the fiber and by measuring the time dependent intensity of the back-scattered light we can achieve 3D imaging. We demonstrate imaging up to 3m from the fiber with a lateral resolution of 60x60 pixels and a millimetric depth resolution. Such minimally invasive endoscopic 3D imaging has applications in healthcare and remote inspection.
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Daan Stellinga, David B. Phillip, Simon Mekhail, Adam Selyem, Sergey Turtaev, Tomáš Cižmár, Miles J. Padgett, "3D imaging through a single optical fiber," Proc. SPIE 12016, Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology II, 120160M (2 March 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2616915