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Problems associated with the assessment of organic impurities in bioapatites isolated from animal sources: a review

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Abstract

This review provides a summary of recent studies that address problems relating to the purity of bioapatites isolated from animal sources. It is essential that the issue of the presence of organic impurities, especially peptides and proteins, following the isolation process be solved with respect to the expansion of the use of xenogeneous bones as a material suitable for the production of artificial replacements. Firstly, the study provides a review of both the various extraction procedures employed for the isolation of bioapatites from animal sources and the characteristics of the extracted bioapatites. Particular attention is devoted to describing individual groups of analytical techniques that serve to prove the presence of proteins and peptides in the isolated apatite phase. Subsequently, an evaluation is provided of the effectivity of the various extraction approaches, which is followed by a discussion of the analytical methods used for the analysis of residual proteins in isolated bioapatites. Further, the factors that are capable of affecting the retention of protein residues in the mineral component are outlined. The final part of the study provides a summary of, and comments on, the required extraction levels and the methodology that is best able to deliver them.

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Acknowledgements

Special thanks go to Mr. Darren Ireland for the English language correction of the paper.

Funding

I gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided for this study by the Long-term Conceptual Development Research Organisation under project no. RVO: 67985891.

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  1. Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, Department of Composite and Carbon Materials, The Czech Academy of Sciences, V Holešovičkách 41, 182 09, Prague, Czech Republic

    Monika Šupová

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Writing, review and editing: M.S.; unpublished results of own research are summarized in Figs. 1 and 2 and in Tables 3 and 4, other information in the text come from literary research.

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Šupová, M. Problems associated with the assessment of organic impurities in bioapatites isolated from animal sources: a review. J Aust Ceram Soc 58, 227–247 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-021-00678-y

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