Abstract
TiO2 prolatenanospheroids (PNSs) may be photosensitizers (PSs), which act by catalyzation of hydroxyl radical (∙OH) formation upon light illumination. ∙OH might, in turn, contribute to killing of cancer cells. On the other hand, there is great concern about toxicity in the dark of TiO2 nanoparticles in general. In this work, we have investigated the biocompatibility of TiO2 PNSs of the anatase crystal form (length between 100 and 300 nm and width 50 nm) in the dark with immune cells and light-induced cytotoxicity on several cancer cell lines. The effects of the treatment of different cell lines with several concentrations of TiO2 PNSs suspensions showed the specifics of cells’ viability and the intracellular localization. The results of in vitro studies obtained by cytotoxicity assays adjusted to individual cell lines’ metabolism point towards the biocompatibility of TiO2 PNSs at low and moderate concentrations in the dark, which neither kill the cells, nor induce activation of the immune system cells. Laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed that PNSs are taken up by cells, and insight into the intracellular distribution was obtained in this study.
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Funding
This study was funded by the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (grant numbers: OI 172011, OI 172056, III 45010, III 41005, III 41027), Danube Region Strategies multilateral project – Danube meets Omics (grant number DS 052) and bilateral project with People’s Republic of China (grant number451-00-478/2018-09/16).
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M. Matijević performed most of experiments, and wrote the manuscript draft; M. Petković supervised integral part of the work, whereas M. Stepić, M. Vranješ, and Z. Šaponjić supervised and conducted the part of the work related to the light illumination experiments (both with cells and EPR) and synthesis and characterization of TIO2 PNS, respectively; L. Mi, X. Liang, L. Korićanac, and M. Nešić performed most of cellular experiments with cancer cell lines, whereas L. Rajsiglova and L. Vannucci have done experiments with immune cells; M. Mojović and Đ. Nakarada were in charge for EPR spectra acquisition and data processing. I. Estrela-Lopis and J. Böttner performed and interpreted NTA measurements.
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All procedures were conducted in strict accordance with the European Convention for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at the Institute of Microbiology, AS CR, approval ID: 64/2015.
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Matijević, M., Nakarada, Đ., Liang, X. et al. Biocompatibility of TiO2 prolate nanospheroids as a potential photosenzitizer in therapy of cancer. J Nanopart Res 22, 175 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-020-04899-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-020-04899-3