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Fine-scale microhabitat niche separation allows coexistence of two invasive species

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Abstract

When invasive tubenose gobies (Proterorhinus semilunaris) and round gobies (Neogobius melanosotmus) occur in the same invaded ecosystem, the first is almost always displaced by the latter. Here, we report on a series of habitat-oriented laboratory experiments and field surveys aimed at revealing mechanisms that allowed coexistence of both species along the River Dyje (Danube basin). The experiments suggested that (i) both gobiids prefer the same habitat type, i.e., interstitial shelters between rocks, (ii) round goby is stronger, more aggressive competitor and (iii) round goby presence results in shift in tubenose goby habitat use. Field sampling indicated that round and tubenose gobies tended to occupy different microhabitats both along the longitudinal and lateral profile. Tubenose goby was found most often in shallow, near-bank rip-rap composed of smaller rocks, while round goby occurred most often in deeper areas with gravel substrates, larger rocks and faster current. Both species avoided the faster-flowing stretch in the middle of the river. Similar complementarity was also noted in temporal activity patterns, with round goby least active during the night and tubenose goby during the day. Our findings suggest that fine-scale niche separation facilitates the coexistence of these two invasive species, despite large ‘broad-scale’ niche overlap.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We are much indebted to representatives of the Moravian Angling Union for allowing us to sample in their waters and we thank our colleagues from the Institute of Vertebrate Biology for their help with fish sampling. The authors are much indebted to Dr. Kevin Roche (Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences) for his help with proofreading the English text.

Funding

This study was supported by the Czech Science Foundation, Grant No. P505/11/1768.

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  1. Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, Brno, 603 65, Czech Republic

    Michal Janáč, Luděk Šlapanský, Lukáš Kopeček, Boris Prudík, Markéta Mrkvová, Karel Halačka & Pavel Jurajda

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  1. Michal Janáč
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Author contributions (in accordance with the CRediT): Conceptualization: MJ, PJ; Methodology: all authors; Investigation: all authors; Formal analysis: MJ; Writing—original draft: MJ; Writing—Review & Editing: all authors; Visualization: MJ; Funding acquisition: PJ.

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Correspondence to Michal Janáč.

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Janáč, M., Šlapanský, L., Kopeček, L. et al. Fine-scale microhabitat niche separation allows coexistence of two invasive species. Hydrobiologia 849, 4407–4425 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-04998-3

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