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Magnetic fabrics of rhyolite ignimbrites reveal complex emplacement dynamics of pyroclastic density currents, an example from the Altenberg–Teplice Caldera, Bohemian Massif

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Abstract

The Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) is commonly used to infer the flow dynamics, source areas, and post-emplacement processes of pyroclastic density currents (PDC) of young calderas (i.e., Cenozoic). In older calderas, the primary record is often obscured by post-emplacement deformation and/or long-term erosion. Here, we focus on the ~314–313 Ma welded ignimbrites inside the Altenberg–Teplice Caldera (ATC; Bohemian Massif). The small-volume, moderately welded ignimbrites emplaced prior to caldera-forming eruption yield a generally westward flow direction as determined from the imbrication of the magmatic and magnetic foliation plane. Their eruptive vents were located along the eastern margin of the future caldera. The most voluminous high-grade ignimbrites, products of the caldera-forming event, indicate a high degree of welding and rheomorphic ductile folding that obscured the primary flow fabrics. Based on the fabric pattern, published radiometric and field geology data from the ATC, we interpret that these ignimbrites were sourced from a dike swarm along the northwestern caldera rim. The PDCs then flowed across the subsiding caldera toward the south and south-southeast, where extra-caldera ignimbrites are exposed. The final trap-door caldera collapse triggered the emplacement of the microgranite ring dikes. These dikes, along with the post-caldera granites, may have driven a local resurgence along the eastern caldera rim. As exemplified by the ATC, the AMS fabric can be applied successfully to much older caldera ignimbrites including those with a high degree of welding and rheomorphism to interpret flow direction, deposition, emplacement, and post-emplacement dynamics.

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Data availability

Datasets for this research are directly included in this paper and are available in the Supplementary information files and online through the Mendeley Data (https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/yhn288f2rc/3).

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Acknowledgements

The careful editorial handling by Mike Ort as well as the critical comments by Guido Giordano and an anonymous referee are highly appreciated. This manuscript is an integral part of the Ph.D. thesis of Petr Vitouš. We have benefited from discussions with Marion Tichomirowa, Bedřich Mlčoch, Marta Chlupáčová, Manuel Lapp, Jiří Žák, and Vladislav Rapprich. Milena Vostrá, Marta Tomková, and Jiří Petráček are thanked for laboratory assistance. State enterprises Czech forests (Lesy ČR) and Sachsen forests (Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst) provided entrance and sampling permits on both sides of the border. Finally, we thank Geomet Ltd. for providing samples from their boreholes.

Funding

This manuscript was supported by the Czech Science Foundation grant 19-02177Y (Tomek), Czech Academy of Sciences institutional support RVO67985831 (Vitouš, Tomek), Charles University projects Cooperatio Programme (Research Area GEOL; Tomek), and Center for Geosphere Dynamics (UNCE/SCI/006; Vitouš, Tomek). Rock-magnetic (hysteresis and FORC) analyses were supported by National Science Foundation grants DMR-1523611 and DMR-2122108 (PREM) awarded to Drs. T. Timofeeva and G. Gallegos at New Mexico Highlands University. Petronis acknowledges the Fulbright program, which funded his visiting fellowship at Charles University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

    Petr Vitouš, Filip Tomek & Michael S. Petronis

  2. Institute of Geology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

    Petr Vitouš & Filip Tomek

  3. Environmental Geology, Natural Resources Management Department, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM, 87701, USA

    Michael S. Petronis

Authors
  1. Petr Vitouš
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  2. Filip Tomek
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  3. Michael S. Petronis
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Correspondence to Petr Vitouš.

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Editorial responsibility: M.H. Ort; Deputy Executive Editor: L. Pioli

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Vitouš, P., Tomek, F. & Petronis, M.S. Magnetic fabrics of rhyolite ignimbrites reveal complex emplacement dynamics of pyroclastic density currents, an example from the Altenberg–Teplice Caldera, Bohemian Massif. Bull Volcanol 84, 75 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-022-01577-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-022-01577-1

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