Abstract
The present feature article offers a concise overview of recent research progress of the authors working in the design of macroporous conducting materials represented by polypyrrole-coated melamine sponges. The article highlights innovative results from the authors and suggests a perspective for future directions in the field of macroporous conducting polymer composites. The article also overviews this particular subject area and defines key challenges for this emerging field. The feasibility of diverse applications of polypyrrole/melamine sponges is demonstrated and includes deformation-sensitive materials, electromagnetic radiation shielding and electrically heated insulation materials. Cytotoxicity is addressed with respect to applications in biomedicine, and the adsorption of an organic dye serves as an example of the uses in environmental water-pollution treatment. A single-step deposition of polypyrrole during the oxidative polymerization of pyrrole provides the uniform coating of the sponge with an organic conducting phase. The conductivity of sponges was of the order of 10−3 S cm−1, increased with polypyrrole loading, and also by two orders of magnitude after the compression. Derived materials have also been prepared and tested. They are represented by polypyrrole-coated sponge converted by pyrolysis to a macroporous nitrogen-containing carbon, magnetic ferrosponge obtained by incorporation of magnetite, or the conventional globular polypyrrole coating replaced with polypyrrole nanotubes. Polypyrrole can also be simply decorated with silver nanoparticles. The macroporous conducting polypyrrole/melamine sponges and derived materials are considered to be of future scientific interest with broad application potential.
Graphic abstract
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Antonio-Carmona ID, Martínez-Amador SY, Martínez-Gutiérrez H, Ovando-Medina VM, González-Ortega O (2015) Semiconducting polyurethane/polypyrrole/polyaniline for microorganism immobilization and wastewater treatment in anaerobic/aerobic sequential packed bed reactors. J Appl Polym Sci 132:42242. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.42242
Ballav N, Debnath S, Pillay K, Maity A (2015) Efficient removal of reactive black from aqueous solution using polyaniline coated ligno-cellulose as a potential adsorbent. J Mol Liq 209:387–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2015.05.051
Baptista AC, Brito M, Marques A, Ferreira I (2021) Electronic control of drug release from gauze or cellulose acetate fibres for dermal applications. J Mater Chem B 9:3515–3522. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1tb00249j
Bhaumik M, McCrindle RI, Maity A, Agarwal S, Gupta VK (2015) Polyaniline nanofibers as highly effective re-usable adsorbent for removal of reactive black 5 from aqueous solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 466:442–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2015.12.056
Blinova NV, Stejskal J, Trchová M, Ćirić-Marjanović G, Sapurina I (2007) Polymerization of aniline on polyaniline membranes. J Phys Chem B 111:2440–2448. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp067370f
Bober P, Stejskal J, Šeděnková I, Trchová M, Martinková L, Marek J (2015) The deposition of globular polypyrrole and polypyrrole nanotubes on cotton textile. Appl Surf Sci 356:737–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.08.105
Bober P, Minisy IM, Acharaya U, Pfleger J, Babayan V, Kazantseva N, Hodan J, Stejskal J (2020) Conducting polymer composite aerogel with magnetic properties for organic dye removal. Synth Met 260:116266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2019.116266
Caldas M, Santos AC, Rebelo R, Pereira I, Veiga F, Reis RL, Correlo VM (2020) Electro-responsive controlled drug delivery from melanin nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 558:119773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119773
Capáková Z, Radaskiewicz KA, Acharya U, Truong TH, Pacherník J, Bober P, Kašpárková V, Stejskal J, Pfleger J, Lehocký M, Humpolíček P (2020) The biocompatibility of polyaniline and polypyrrole 2: Doping with organic phosphonates. Mater Sci Eng C 113:110986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2020.110986
Chang YH, Han GY, Xiao YM, Chang YZ, Song H, Li MY, Li YP, Zhang Y (2017a) Internal tandem flexible and compressible electrochemical capacitor based on polypyrrole/carbon fibers. Electrochim Acta 257:335–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.106
Chang YH, Han GY, Chang YZ, Xiao YM, Hou WJ, Zhou W (2017b) Flexible and compressible electrochemical capacitors based on polypyrrole/carbon fibers integrated into sponge. J Alloy Comp 708:1206–1215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.107
Chang YH, Wang N, Han GY, Li MY, Xiao YM, Li HG (2019) The properties of highly compressible electrochemical capacitors based on polypyrrole/melamine sponge-carbon fibers. J Alloy Comp 786:668–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.01.365
Chen JC, You H, Xu LQ, Li TH, Jiang XQ, Li CM (2017a) Facile synthesis of two-tier hierarchical structured superhydrophobic-superoleophilic melamine sponge for rapid and efficient oil/water separation. J Colloid Interface Sci 506:659–668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.066
Chen XF, Huang Y, Zhang KC, Feng XS, Wang MY (2017b) Synthesis and high-performance of carbonaceous polypyrrole nanotubes coated with SnS2 nanosheets anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Chem Eng J 330:470–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.07.180
Chen JL, Xue FQ, Yu ZH, Huang LT, Tang DP (2020a) A polypyrrole–polydimethylsiloxane sponge-based compressible capacitance sensor with molecular recognition for point-of-care immunoassay. Analyst 145:7186–7190. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0an01653e
Chen XL, Shi T, Wu GL, Lu Y (2020b) Design of molybdenum disulfide@polypyrrole composite decorated with Fe3O4 and superior electromagnetic wave absorption performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 572:227–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.089
Chen W, Yan X (2020) Progress in achieving high-performance piezoresistive and capacitive flexible pressure sensors: a review. J Mater Sci Technol 43:175–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2019.11.010
Ćirić-Marjanović G, Pašti I, Gavrilov N, Janosević A, Mentus S (2015) Carbonised polyaniline and polypyrrole: towards advanced nitrogen-containing carbon materials. Chem Pap 67:781–813. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-013-0312-1
Díaz-Flores PE, Guzmán-Alvarez CJ, Ovando-Medina VM, Martínez-Gutiérrez H, González-Ortega O (2019) Synthesis of α-cellulose/magnetite/polypyrrole composite for the removal of reactive black 5 dye from aqueous solutions. Desalin Water Treat 155:350–363. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.24013
dos Santos MR, Alcaraz-Espinoza JJ, da Costa MM, de Oliveira HP (2018) Usnic acid-loaded polyaniline/polyurethane foam wound dressing: preparation and bactericidal activity. Mater Sci Eng C 89:33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/jmsec.2018.03.019
Duan L, D’Hooge DR, Cardon L (2019) Recent progress on flexible and stretchable piezoresistive strain sensors: from design to application. Prog Mater Sci 114:100617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.100617
Dutta K, Rana D (2019) Polythiophenes: an emerging class of promising water purifying materials. Eur Polym J 116:370–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.04.033
Fedorova S, Stejskal J (2002) Surface and precipitation polymerization of aniline. Langmuir 18:5630–5632. https://doi.org/10.1021/la025665o
Feng Y, Yao JF (2018) Design of melamine sponge-based three-dimensional porous materials toward applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 57:7322–7330. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01232
Gahlout P, Choudhary V (2020) EMI shielding response of polypyrrole-MWCNT/polyurethane composites. Synth Met 266:116414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116414
Ganguly S, Margel S (2020) Review: remotely controlled magneto-regulation of therapeutics from magneto elastic gel matrix. Biotechnol Adv 44:107611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107611g
Gao ZY, Zhang LC, Chang JL, Wang Z, Wu DP, Xu F, Guo YM, Jiang K (2018) Catalytic electrode-redox electrolyte supercapacitor system with enhanced capacitative performance. Chem Eng J 335:590–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.11.037
Gu WH, Tan JW, Chen JB, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Yu JW, Ji GB (2020) Multifunctional bulk hybrid foam for infrared stealth, thermal insulation, and microwave absorption. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12:28727–28737. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c09202
Gunasekara DSW, He Y, Fang S, Zhao LD, Liu H, Liu L (2020) High-repeatability macro-porous sponge piezoresistive pressure sensor with dopamine/polypyrrole composite coating based on in situ polymerization method. Appl Phys A 126:789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-03962-z
Haque MM, Wong DKY (2017) Improved dye entrapment-liberation performance at electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite films. J Appl Electrochem 47:777–788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-017-1079-9
Humpolíček P, Kašpárková V, Pecherník J, Stejskal J, Bober P, Capáková Z, Radaskiewicz KA, Junkar I, Lehocký M (2018) The biocompatibility of polyaniline and polypyrrole: a comparative study of their cytotoxicity, embryotoxicity and impurity profile. Mater Sci Eng C 91:303–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.037
Ivanova VT, Garina EO, Burtseva EI, Kirillova ES, Ivanova MV, Stejskal J, Sapurina IYu (2017) Conducting polymers as sorbents of influenza viruses. Chem Pap 71:495–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-016-0068-5
Janaki V, Vijayaraghavan K, Oh BT, Ramasamy AK, Kamala-Kannan S (2013) Synthesis, characterization and application of cellulose/polyaniline nanocomposite for the treatment of simulated textile effluent. Cellulose 20:1153–1166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-013-9910-x
Jing XX, Zhou L, Kang WJ, Wang L, Wei DH, Qu KG, Li R, Chen BL, Guo ZJ, Li HB (2020) Regulating capacitative performance of monolithic carbon sponges by balancing heteroatom content, surface area and graphitization degree. ChemNanoMat 6:1507–1512. https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.202000358
Jorio A, Dresselhaus M, Saito R, Dresselhaus GF (2011) Raman spectroscopy in graphene related systems. Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim
Kadlec K, Kmínek M, Kadlec P (2019) Measurement and control of chemical, food, and biotechnological processes. Key Publishing, London, England
Kazantseva NE, Vilčáková J, Křesálek V, Sáha P, Sapurina I, Stejskal J (2004) Magnetic behaviour of composites containing polyaniline-coated manganese-zinc ferrite. J Magn Magn Mater 269:30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00557-2
Kopecká J, Kopecký D, Vrňata M, Fitl P, Stejskal J, Trchová M, Bober P, Morávková Z, Prokeš J, Sapurina I (2014) Polypyrrole nanotubes: mechanism of formation. RSC Adv 4:1551–1558. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra45841e
Lavrador P, Esteves MR, Gaspar VM, Mano JF (2021) Stimuli-responsive nanocomposite hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv Funct Mater 31:2005941. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202005941
Li CW, Jiang DG, Huo BB, Ding MC, Huang CC, Jia DD, Li HX, Liu CY, Liu JQ (2019) Scalable and robust bilayer polymer foams for highly efficient and stable solar desalination. Nano Energy 60:841–849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.03.087
Li YJ, Li WY, Kick C, Zhao XM, Wu HY (2020a) Preparation of polypyrrole/polyurethane foam composite material. Fibre Text Eastern Eur 28:69–73. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.9022
Li Y, Wang YP, Bian C, Stejskal J, Zheng YS, Jing XL (2020b) Azo dye aggregates and their role in the morphology and conductivity of polypyrrole. Dye Pigment 177:108329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108329
Li Y, Wang YP, Liu XQ, Wang S, Jing XL (2021) Facilely prepared conductive hydrogels based on polypyrrole nanotubes. Chem Pap 75: early view. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01559-1
Lin J, Xu YL, Wang J, Zhang BF, Li D, Wang C, Jin YL, Zhu JB (2018) Nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbonaceous nanotubes for lithium ion batteries. Chem Eng J 352:964–971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.057
Liu Q, Meng K, Ding K, Wang YB (2015) A superhydrophobic sponge with hierarchical structure as an efficient and recyclable oil absorbent. ChemPlusChem 80:1435–1439. https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.201500109
Liu QF, Zang LM, Qiao X, Qiu JH, Wang X, Hu L, Yang J, Yang C (2019) Compressible all-in-one supercapacitor with adjustable output voltage based on polypyrrole-coated melamine foam. Adv Electron Mater 5:1900724. https://doi.org/10.1002/201900724
Liu ML, Li L, Sun YX, Fu ZJ, Cao XL, Sun SP (2020) Scalable conductive polymer membranes for ultrafast organic pollutants removal. J Membr Sci 617:118644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118644
Lu Y, Biswas MC, Guo Z, Jeon JW, Wujcik EK (2019) Recent developments in bio-monitoring via advanced polymer nanocomposite-based wearable strain sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 123:167–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.037
Mahlangu T, Das R, Abia LK, Onyango M, Ray SS, Maity A (2019) Thiol-modified magnetic polypyrrole nanocomposite: an effective adsorbent for the adsorption of silver ions from aqueous solution and subsequent water disinfection by silver-laden nanocomposite. Chem Eng J 360:423–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.11.231
Maldonado-Larios L, Mayen-Mondragón R, Martínez-Orozco RD, Páramo-García U, Gallardo-Rivas MV, García-Alamilla R (2020) Electrochemically-assisted fabrication of titanium-dioxide/polyaniline nanocomposite films for the electroremediation of congo red in aqueous effluents. Synth Met 268:116464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116464
Maráková N, Humpolíček P, Kašpárková V, Capáková Z, Martinková L, Bober P, Trchová M, Stejskal J (2017) Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of cotton fabric coated with conducting polymers, polyaniline or polypyrrole, and with deposited silver nanoparticles. Appl Surf Sci 396:169–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.11.024
Mashkoor F, Nazar A (2020) Facile synthesis of polypyrrole decorated chitosan-based magadsorbent: characterization, performance, and applications in removing cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous medium. Int J Biol Macromol 161:88–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.015
Milakin KA, Acharya U, Trchová M, Zasońska BA, Stejskal J (2020) Polypyrrole/gelatin cryogel as a precursor for a macroporous conducting polymer. React Funct Polym 157:104751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104751
Minisy IM, Acharya U, Kobera L, Trchová M, Unterweger C, Breitenbach S, Brus J, Pfleger J, Stejskal J, Bober P (2020a) Highly conducting 1-D polypyrrole prepared in the presence of safranin. J Mater Chem C 8:12140–12147. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0tc02838j
Minisy IM, Zasońska B, Petrovský E, Veverka P, Šeděnková I, Hromádková J, Bober P (2020b) Poly(p-phenylenediamine)/maghemite composite as a highly effective adsorbent for anionic dye removal. React Funct Polym 146:104436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104436
Moučka R, Sedlačík M, Prokeš J, Kasparyan H, Valtera S, Kopecký D (2020) Electromagnetic interference shielding of polypyrrole nanostructures. Synth Met 269:116572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116573
Moučka R, Sedlačík M, Kasparyan H, Prokeš J, Trchová M, Hassouna F, Kopecký D (2021) One-dimensional nanostructures of polypyrrole for shielding of electromagnetic interference in the microwave region. Int J Mol Sci 21:8814. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228814
Öztürk A, Yurtcan AB (2018) Synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) based porous N-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) as catalyst support for PEM fuel cells. Int J Hydrogen Energy 43:18595–18571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.05.106
Peng CW, Yu J, Chen SH, Wang L (2019) High performance supercapacitor based on ultralight and elastic three-dimensional carbon foam/reduced graphene/polyaniline nanocomposites. Chin Chem Lett 30:1127–1140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2019.02.007
Pérez-Rodríguez P, Ovando-Medina VM, Martínez-Amador SY, Rodríguez-de la Garza JA (2016) Bioanode in polyurethane/graphite/polypyrrole composite in microbial fuel cells. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 21:305–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-015-0628-5
Petcharoen K, Sirivit A (2012) Synthesis and characterization of magnetite particles via the chemical co-precipitation method. Mater Sci Eng B 177:421–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2012.01.003
Pethsangave DA, Khose RV, Wadekar PH, Kulal DK, Some S (2020) One-pot synthetic approach for magnetically separable graphene nanocomposite for dye degradation. ChemistrySelect 5:1516–1525. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201903966
Pimenta MA, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus MS, Cançado LG, Jorio A, Saito R (2007) Studying disorder in graphite-based systems by Raman spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 20:1276–1291. https://doi.org/10.1039/b613962k
Qi L, Gong JC (2020) Facile in-situ polymerization of polyaniline-functionalized melamine sponge preparation for mass spectrometric monitoring of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate from biological samples. J Chromatogr A 1616:460777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460777
Qiu GH, Wang Q, Nie M (2006) Polypyrrole-Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite prepared by ultrasonic irradiation. Macromol Mater Eng 291:68–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.299500285
Raj BGS, Ko TH, Acharya J, Seo MK, Khil MS, Kim HY, Kim BS (2020) A novel Fe2O3-decorated N-doped CNT porous composites derived from tubular polypyrrole with excellent rate capability and cycle stability as advanced supercapacitor anode materials. Electrochim Acta 334:135627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135627
Riede A, Helmstedt M, Sapurina I, Stejskal J (2002) In situ polymerized polyaniline films 4. Film formation in dispersion polymerization of aniline. J Colloid Interface Sci 248:413–418. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.8197
Ruan CP, Ai KL, Li XB, Lu LH (2014) A superhydrophobic sponge with excellent absorbency and flame retardancy. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:5556–5560. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201400775
Ruan BY, Guo HP, Liu QN, Shi DQ, Chou SL, Liu HK, Chen GH, Qang JZ (2016) 3-D structured SnO2–polypyrrole nanotubes applied in Na-ion batteries. RSC Adv 6:103124–103131. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra21139a
Sapurina I, Stejskal J, Šeděnková I, Trchová M, Kovářová J, Hromádková J, Kopecká J, Cieslar M, Abu El-Nasr A, Ayad MM (2016) Catalytic activity of polypyrrole nanotubes decorated with noble-metal nanoparticles and their conversion to carbonized analogues. Synth Met 214:14–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2016.01.009
Sapurina IYu, Shishov MA, Ivanova VT (2020) Sorbents for water purification based on conjugated polymers. Russ Chem Rev 89:1115–1131. https://doi.org/10.1070/RCR4955
Shi PF, Wang C, Sun JY, Lin P, Xu XT, Yang T (2020) Thermal conversion of polypyrrole nanotubes to nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for efficient water desalination using membrane capacitive deionization. Separ Purif Technol 235:116196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116196
Sparavigna AM, Florio L, Avloni J, Henn A (2010) Polypyrrole coated PET fabrics for thermal applications. Mater Sci Appl 1:253–259. https://doi.org/10.4236/msa.2010.14037
Stejskal J (2013) Conducting polymer–silver composites. Chem Pap 67:814–848. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-012-0304-6
Stejskal J (2015) Polymers of phenylenediamines. Prog Polym Sci 41:1–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.10.007
Stejskal J (2017) Conducting polymer hydrogels. Chem Pap 71:269–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-016-0072-9
Stejskal J, Trchová M (2018) Conducting polypyrrole nanotubes. Chem Pap 72:1563–1595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-0394x
Stejskal J (2020a) Interaction of conducting polymers, polyaniline and polypyrrole, with organic dyes: polymer morphology control, dye adsorption and photocatalytic decomposition. Chem Pap 74:1–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-019-00982-9
Stejskal J (2020b) Conducting polymers are not just conducting: a perspective for emerging technology. Polym Int 69:662–664. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.5947
Stejskal J, Trchová M, Sapurina I (2005) Flame-retardant effect of polyaniline coating deposited on cellulose fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 98:2347–2354. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.22144
Stejskal J, Prokeš J, Trchová M (2008) Reprotonation of polyaniline: a route to various conducting polymer materials. React Funct Polym 68:1355–1361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.06.012
Stejskal J, Bogomolova OE, Blinova NV, Trchová M, Šeděnková I, Prokeš J, Sapurina I (2009) Mixed electron and proton conductivity of polyaniline films in aqueous solutions of acids: beyond the 1000 S cm−1 limit. Polym Int 58:872–879. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.2605
Stejskal J, Trchová M, Bober P, Morávková Z, Kopecký D, Vrňata M, Prokeš J, Varga M, Watzlová E (2016) Polypyrrole salts and bases: superior conductivity of nanotubes and their stability towards the loss of conductivity by deprotonation. RSC Adv 6:88382. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra19461c
Stejskal J, Prokeš J (2020) Conductivity and morphology of polyaniline and polypyrrole prepared in the presence of organic dyes. Synth Met 264:116373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116373
Stejskal J, Trchová M, Kasparyan H, Kopecký D, Kolská Z, Prokeš J, Křivka I, Vajďák J, Humpolíček P (2021a) Pressure-sensitive conducting and antibacterial materials obtained by in-situ dispersion coating of macroporous melamine sponges with polypyrrole. ACS Omega 6: early view. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c02330
Stejskal J, Kohl M, Trchová M, Kolská Z, Pekárek M, Křivka I, Prokeš J (2021b) Conversion of conducting polypyrrole nanostructures to nitrogen-containing carbons and its impact on the adsorption of organic dye. Mater Adv 2:706–717. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00730g
Stejskal J, Sapurina I, Vilčáková J, Jurča M, Trchová M, Kolská Z, Prokeš J, Křivka I (2021c) One-pot preparation of conducting melamine/polypyrrole/magnetite ferrosponge. ACS Appl Polym Mater 3:1107–1115. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c01331
Stejskal J, Kopecký D, Kasparyan H, Vilčáková J, Prokeš J, Křivka I (2021d) Melamine sponges decorated with polypyrrole nanotubes as macroporous conducting pressure sensors. ACS Appl Nano Mater 4: early view. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c01634
Sun YY, Jia DD, Zhang AT, Tian JM, Zheng YW, Zhao W, Cui L, Liu JQ (2019) Synthesis of polypyrrole coated melamine foam by in-situ interfacial polymerization method for highly compressible and flexible supercapacitor. J Colloid Interface Sci 557:617–627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.065
Tomczykowa M, Polonska-Brzezinska ME (2019) Conducting polymers, hydrogels, and their composites: preparation, properties and bioapplications. Polymers 11:350. https://doi.org/10.3390/11020350
Trchová M, Stejskal J (2018) Resonance Raman spectroscopy of conducting polypyrrole nanotubes: disordered surface versus ordered body. J Phys Chem A 122:9298–9306. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09794
Vali SA, Baghdadi M, Abdoli MA (2018) Immobilization of polyaniline nanoparticles on the polyurethane foam derived from waste materials: a porous reactive fixed-bed medium for removal of mercury from contaminated waters. J Environ Chem Eng 6:6612–6622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.09.042
Varsheny S, Dhawan SK (2017) Designing of materials for EMI shielding applications. In: Sebastian MT, Ubic R, Jantunen H (eds) Microwave materials and applications, Vol 2, Chap 13. Wiley, UK
Wan YQ, Qin N, Wang YF, Zhao QB, Wang Q, Yuan PC, Wen Q, Wei H, Zhang XY, Ma N (2020) Sugar-templated conductive polyurethane-polypyrrole sponges for wide-range force sensing. Chem Eng J 383:123103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.123103
Wang LC, Zhang CG, Jiao X, Yuan ZH (2019) Polypyrrole-based hybrid nanostructures grown on textile for wearable supercapacitors. Nano Res 12:1129–1137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2360-5
Wei CZ, Xu Q, Chen ZQ, Rao WD, Fan LL, Yuan Y, Bai ZK, Xu J (2017) An all-solid-state yarn supercapacitor using cotton yarn electrodes coated with polypyrrole nanotubes. Carbohydr Polym 169:50–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.002
Wu MC, Zhao TS, Zhang RH, Wei L, Jiang HR (2018) Carbonized tubular polypyrrole with a high activity for the Br2/Br− redox reaction in zinc-bromine flow batteries. Electrochim Acta 284:569–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.192
Wu XW, Lei YG, LiSH, Huang JY, Teng L, Chen Z, Lai YK (2021) Photothermal and Joule heating-assisted thermal management sponge for efficient cleanup of highly viscous crude oil. J Hazard Mater 403:124090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124090
Xie J, Pan W, Chen Y, Guo Z (2020) Preparation of polypyrrole coated on polyester cleanroom wiper as heater device. J Eng Fiber Fabric 15:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558925020925408
Xu HT, Wu JS, Qi LJ, Chen Y, Wen Q, Duan TG, Wang YY (2018) Preparation and microbial fuel cell application of sponge-structured hierarchical polyaniline-texture bioanode with an integration of electricity generation and energy storage. J Appl Electrochem 48:1285–1295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-018-1252-9
Xu Y, Ma JX, Han Y, Xu HB, Wang Y, Qi DP, Wang W (2020) A simple and universal strategy to deposit Ag/polypyrrole on various substrates for enhanced interfacial solar evaporation and antibacterial activity. Chem Eng J 384:123379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.123379
Xu LL, Yang Y, Mao XK, Li Z (2021) Self-powerbility in electrical stimulation drug delivery system. Adv Mater Techol 6:202100055. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202100055
Yan XR, Hu MJ, Liu JX, Yan L, Zhang NB, Gao JF, Liu JZ, Shan GC, Yang J (2020) Compressible metalized soft magnetic sponges with tailorable electrical and magnetic properties. ChemNanoMat 6:316–325. https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.201900646
Ye XL, Chen CF, Ai SF, Hou B, Zhang JX, Liang XH, Zhou QB, Liu HZ, Cui S (2019) Synthesis and microwave properties of novel reticulation SiC/porous melamine-derived carbon foam. J Alloy Comp 791:883–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.03.384
Zare EN, Makvandi P, Ashtan B, Rossi F, Motahari A, Perale G (2020) Progress in conductive polyaniline-based nanocomposites for biomedical applications: a review. J Med Chem 63:1–22
Zhang M, Wang CY, Ma YH, Du XL, Shi YH, Li J, Shi JY (2020) Fabrication of superwetting, antimicrobial and conductive fibrous membranes for removing/collecting oil contaminants. RSC Adv 10:21636–21642. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra02704a
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the Czech Science Foundation (19-04859S) for financial support. Thanks to J. Hromádková and M. Pekárek from IMC in Prague for electron microscopy and UV–vis spectra. P.H. and T.H.T. are grateful for the support of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (DKRVO RP/CPS/2020/001).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Stejskal, J., Sapurina, I., Vilčáková, J. et al. Conducting polypyrrole-coated macroporous melamine sponges: a simple toy or an advanced material?. Chem. Pap. 75, 5035–5055 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01776-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01776-8