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A versatile β-cyclodextrin and N-heterocyclic palladium complex bi-functionalized iron oxide nanoadsorbent for water treatment

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Abstract

By industrialization, management of water resources is known as one of the most challenging issues for human society due to the presence of various contaminants such as oil, azo dyes, and micropollutants in water. The treatment of wastewaters containing more than one type of pollutants via a single-step process cannot be performed by a simple adsorption process. In this study, by combining the advantages of superparamagnetic iron oxide, carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin polymer, and N-heterocyclic palladium complex, a versatile bi-functionalized iron oxide nanoadsorbent [Fe3O4@CM-β-CDP@Tet-Pd] was fabricated for the capture of toxic dyes in wastewater. The structure of nanoadsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer analysis. Afterward, the catalytic activity of the synthesized nanoadsorbent was examined in the aqueous solution of sodium borohydride as the reducing agent for rhodamine B, methylene blue, 4-nitrophenol, Metanil yellow, and Eosin Y. The UV-vis spectroscopy was used to monitor the catalytic activity of the [Fe3O4@CM-β-CDP@Tet-Pd] in an aqueous medium. The nanoadsorbent was successfully recovered and re-used six times, without remarkable loss in its catalytic activity. These results showed that the combination of iron oxide nanoparticles with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin polymer provides a promising well-performed and easily recyclable nanoadsorbent for dye uptake and wastewater treatment.

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Acknowledgements

ZML acknowledge the SAIA, n. o. (Slovak Academic Information Agency) for support on the experiment provided.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the Iran National Science Foundation (grant number 97003938) and the Slovak Grant Agency VEGA 2/0140/20. ZML is financially supported by the National Scholarship Programme of the Slovak Republic (NSP).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965-115, Tehran, Iran

    Zohreh Mehri Lighvan & Hossein Ali Khonakdar

  2. Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Zohreh Mehri Lighvan & Abolfazl Heydari

  3. Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V, Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany

    Hossein Ali Khonakdar

  4. Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06, Prague, Czech Republic

    Miroslav Šlouf

  5. Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd., P.O. Box: 1138, Urmia, 57147, Iran

    Ali Akbari

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  1. Zohreh Mehri Lighvan
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  2. Hossein Ali Khonakdar
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  3. Abolfazl Heydari
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  4. Miroslav Šlouf
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Contributions

Zohreh Mehri Lighvan: conceptualization, investigation, resources, visualization, software, writing—original draft. Hossein Ali Khonakdar: investigation, resources, and writing—reviewing and editing. Abolfazl Heydari: resources, software, and writing—reviewing and editing. Ali Akbari: investigation and writing—reviewing and editing. Miroslav Šlouf: methodology. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zohreh Mehri Lighvan or Hossein Ali Khonakdar.

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Lighvan, Z.M., Khonakdar, H.A., Heydari, A. et al. A versatile β-cyclodextrin and N-heterocyclic palladium complex bi-functionalized iron oxide nanoadsorbent for water treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 55419–55432 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14814-5

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