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The effect of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus on the bioavailability of cadmium and lead to the springtail Folsomia candida in metal-polluted field soils

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Abstract

The bioavailability of metals can be influenced not only by soil properties but also by other species living at polluted sites. However, in laboratory experiments, usually only one test species is used to estimate bioavailability. In this study, a two-species approach was applied to assess the impact of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus on the bioavailability of cadmium and lead to the springtail Folsomia candida using natural soils from a gradient of metal pollution. Earthworms were kept in half of the soil replicates for 4 weeks. Subsequently, the uptake and elimination kinetics of cadmium and lead in F. candida exposed for 21 days to the soils was determined. Earthworm activity affected soil properties but did not significantly affect metal uptake rate constants in springtails. The slightly higher uptake due to the presence of earthworms, which was consistent in all tested soils and for both metals, suggests that further research is needed on the role of species interactions in affecting metal bioavailability in soil.

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Acknowledgements

This project was conducted at the Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and the Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland. We thank the reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript.

Funding

This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic-MEYS (projects LM2015075, EF16_013/0001782). This work has also been supported by Charles University Research Centre program no. 204069. The support from the Foundation for Polish Science International PhD Projects Programme co-financed by the EU European Regional Development Fund in the frame of the “Environmental Stress, Population Viability and Adaptation” project (MPD/2009-3/5) is also acknowledged.

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Author notes

  1. Masoud M. Ardestani and Iwona Giska contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-12801, Prague, Czech Republic

    Masoud M. Ardestani

  2. Institute of Soil Biology and SoWa Research Infrastructure, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, CZ-37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

    Masoud M. Ardestani

  3. CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal

    Iwona Giska

  4. Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Cornelis A. M. van Gestel

Authors
  1. Masoud M. Ardestani
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  2. Iwona Giska
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  3. Cornelis A. M. van Gestel
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Correspondence to Masoud M. Ardestani or Iwona Giska.

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Ardestani, M.M., Giska, I. & van Gestel, C.A.M. The effect of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus on the bioavailability of cadmium and lead to the springtail Folsomia candida in metal-polluted field soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 27816–27822 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05969-3

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