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Investigation of kaolin–quartz mixtures during heating using thermodilatometry and DC thermoconductometry

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Abstract

Temperature dependencies of the DC conductivity of mixtures of kaolin and quartz were measured in the temperature range of 20–1200 °C. During heating, several processes take place in the sample—release of the physically bound water (PBW), dehydroxylation of kaolinite, the α → β transition of quartz, and the creation of Al–Si spinel. These processes were studied using differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, thermodilatometry, and DC conductivity measurement. At temperatures < 200 °C, H+ and OH− ions are the dominant charge carriers in the DC conductivity due to the release and dissociation of PBW. After the release of PBW, and up to the start of dehydroxylation (~ 500 °C), the DC conductivity is dominated by the transport of Na+ and K+ ions. During dehydroxylation, OH− ions, which are released from the kaolinite lattice, contribute to the DC conductivity. However, the association of OH− ions with mobile alkali metal ions into neutral complexes, as well as depletion of OH− source, results in a deceleration of the increase in the DC conductivity at 500 °C. After the dehydroxylation is completed, alkali metal ions become again the dominant charge carriers. At temperatures above the dehydroxylation region, the DC conductivity slightly decreases with the increasing quartz content. A narrow peak of the DC conductivity observed at 960 °C can be linked to the motion of Al3+ cations into new sites as the metakaolinite collapses. The DC conductivity of different mixtures did not differ significantly. Quartz and grog have lower conductivities than kaolin. Thus, the conduction was determined by the kaolin matrix (60 mass%).

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Constantine the Philosopher University grant agency [UGA VII/17/2018]. Authors are indebted to the ceramic plant PPC Insulators Čab (Slovakia) for the supply of kaolin.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia

    Ján Ondruška, Igor Štubňa & Viera Trnovcová

  2. Department of Physics of Materials, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116, Prague, Czech Republic

    Štefan Csáki

  3. Institute of Plasma Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic

    Štefan Csáki

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  1. Ján Ondruška
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  2. Štefan Csáki
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  4. Viera Trnovcová
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Correspondence to Ján Ondruška.

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Ondruška, J., Csáki, Š., Štubňa, I. et al. Investigation of kaolin–quartz mixtures during heating using thermodilatometry and DC thermoconductometry. J Therm Anal Calorim 139, 833–838 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08476-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08476-2

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