Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Magnetic particles in algae biotechnology: recent updates

  • Published:
Journal of Applied Phycology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Magnetic nano- and microparticles have been successfully used in many areas of algae biotechnology, especially for harvesting of algal biomass, separation of algal biologically active compounds, immobilization of algal cells, removal of important xenobiotics using magnetically modified algae, or for the preparation of magnetic catalysts; alternatively, algae have been employed for the production of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. In this short review paper, the relevant data published in the period 2016–2019 are summarized.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abo Markeb A, Llimós-Turet J, Ferrer I, Blanquez P, Alonso A, Sánchez A, Moral-Vico J, Font X (2019) The use of magnetic iron oxide based nanoparticles to improve microalgae harvesting in real wastewater. Water Res 159:490–500

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ali EMM, Elashkar AA, El-Kassas HY, Salim EI (2018) Methotrexate loaded on magnetite iron nanoparticles coated with chitosan: biosynthesis, characterization, and impact on human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. Int J Biol Macromol 120:1170–1180

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Angelova R, Baldikova E, Pospiskova K, Maderova Z, Safarikova M, Safarik I (2016) Magnetically modified Sargassum horneri biomass as an adsorbent for organic dye removal. J Clean Prod 137:189–194

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Azizkhani M, Faghihian H (2019) Application of a novel adsorbent prepared using magnetized Spirulina platensis algae modified by potassium nickel hexacyanoferrate for removal of cesium, studied by response surface methodology. C R Chim 22:562–573

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bian JJ, Zhang Q, Zhang P, Feng LJ, Li CH (2017) Supported Fe2O3 nanoparticles for catalytic upgrading of microalgae hydrothermal liquefaction derived bio-oil. Catal Today 293:159–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Boli E, Savvidou M, Logothetis D, Louli V, Pappa G, Voutsas E, Kolisis F, Magoulas K (2017) Magnetic harvesting of marine algae Nannochloropsis oceanica. Sep Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2017.1296463

  • Budlayan MLM, Alguno AC, Capangpangan RY (2019) Influence of Sargassum crassifolium extract on the absorption of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle via green synthesis route. Key Eng Mater 803:382–386

    Google Scholar 

  • Buhani H, Suharso F, Rinawati, Sumadi (2019) Magnetized algae-silica hybrid from Porphyridium sp. biomass with Fe3O4 particle and its application as adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. Desalin Water Treat 142:331–340

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang S-C, Lu B-L, Lin J-J, Li Y-H, Lee M-R (2017) A method to prepare magnetic nanosilicate platelets for effective removal of Microcystis aeruginosa and microcystin-LR. In: Holst O (ed) Microbial toxins: methods and protocols. Springer, New York, pp 85–94

  • Cui Y, He H, Atkinson JD (2019) Iron/carbon composites for Cr(VI) removal prepared from harmful algal bloom biomass via metal bioaccumulation or biosorption. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 7:1229–1288

    Google Scholar 

  • Deconinck N, Muylaert K, Ivens W, Vandamme D (2018) Innovative harvesting processes for microalgae biomass production: a perspective from patent literature. Algal Res 31:469–477

    Google Scholar 

  • Diaz-Blels D, Alvarado-Gil JJ, Martinez AI, Gomez-Y-Gomez Y, Freile-Pelegrin Y (2018) On the preparation and characterization of superparamagnetic nanoparticles with Gelidium robustum agar coating for biomedical applications. Bull Mater Sci 41:39

    Google Scholar 

  • Duman F, Sahin U, Atabani AE (2019) Harvesting of blooming microalgae using green synthetized magnetic maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles for biofuel production. Fuel 256:115935

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egesa D, Chuck CJ, Plucinski P (2018) Multifunctional role of magnetic nanoparticles in efficient microalgae separation and catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 6:991–999

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Kassas HY, Aly-Eldeen MA, Gharib SM (2016) Green synthesis of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles using two selected brown seaweeds: characterization and application for lead bioremediation. Acta Oceanol Sin 35:89–98

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fawcett D, Verduin JJ, Shah M, Sharma SB, Poinern GEJ (2017) A review of current research into the biogenic synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles via marine algae and seagrasses. J. Nanosci 2017:8013850

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferraro G, Toranzo RM, Castiglioni DM, Lima E, Vasquez Mansilla M, Fellenz NA, Zysler RD, Pasquevich DM, Bagnato C (2018) Zinc removal by Chlorella sp. biomass and harvesting with low cost magnetic particles. Algal Res 33:266–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Foroutan R, Mohammadi R, Razeghi J, Ramavandi B (2019) Performance of algal activated carbon/Fe3O4 magnetic composite for cationic dyes removal from aqueous solutions. Algal Res 40:101509

    Google Scholar 

  • Fort A, Guiry MD, Sulpice R (2018) Magnetic beads, a particularly effective novel method for extraction of NGS-ready DNA from macroalgae. Algal Res 32:308–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraga-Garcia P, Kubbutat P, Brammen M, Schwaminger S, Berensmeier S (2018) Bare iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic harvesting of microalgae: from interaction behavior to process realization. Nanomaterials 8:292

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Franzreb M, Siemann-Herzberg M, Hobley TJ, Thomas ORT (2006) Protein purification using magnetic adsorbent particles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 70:505–516

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gerulová K, Bartošová A, Blinová L, Bártová K, Dománková M, Garaiová Z, Palcut M (2018) Magnetic Fe3O4-polyethyleneimine nanocomposites for efficient harvesting of Chlorella zofingiensis, Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella sorokiniana, Chlorella ellipsoidea and Botryococcus braunii. Algal Res 33:165–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes M, Bastiaens L, Gouveia L, Gkelis S, Skomedal H, Skjanes K, Murray P, García-Vaquero M, Hosoglu MI, Dodd J, Konstantinou D, Safarik I, Zittelli GC, Rimkus V, Pino V, Muylaert K, Edwards C, Laake M, Silva JG, Pereira H, Abelho J (2019) Microalgal bioactive compounds including protein, peptides, and pigments: applications, opportunities, and challenges during biorefinery processes. In: Hayes M (ed) Novel proteins for food, pharmaceuticals and agriculture. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., London, pp 239–255

  • Hena S, Fatihah N, Tabassum S, Lalung J, Jing SY (2016) Magnetophoretic harvesting of freshwater microalgae using polypyrrole/Fe3O4 nanocomposite and its reusability. J Appl Phycol 28:1597–1609

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hossain N, Mahlia TMI, Saidur R (2019) Latest development in microalgae-biofuel production with nano-additives. Biotechnol Biofuels 12:125

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jerold M, Vasantharaj K, Joseph D, Sivasubramanian V (2017) Fabrication of hybrid biosorbent nanoscale zero-valent iron-Sargassum swartzii biocomposite for the removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution. Int J Phytoremediation 19:214–224

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang H-L, Li N, Cui L, Wang X, Zhao R-S (2019) Recent application of magnetic solid phase extraction for food safety analysis. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 120:115632

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jung K-W, Choi BH, Jeong T-U, Ahn K-H (2016) Facile synthesis of magnetic biochar/Fe3O4 nanocomposites using electro-magnetization technique and its application on the removal of acid orange 7 from aqueous media. Bioresour Technol 220:672–676

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jung K-W, Choi BH, Song KG, Choi J-W (2019) Statistical optimization of preparing marine macroalgae derived activated carbon/iron oxide magnetic composites for sequestering acetylsalicylic acid from aqueous media using response surface methodologys. Chemosphere 215:432–443

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Konnova S, Fakhrullin R (2017) Fabrication of magnetically responsive agarose microbeads doped with live microbial cells. Bionanoscience 7:75–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuang L, Goins J, Zheng W, Eduafo P, Ma H, Posewitz M, Wu DT, Liang H (2019) Spontaneous microalgae dewatering directed by retrievable, recyclable, and reusable nanoparticle-pinched polymer brushes. Chem Mater 31:4657–4672

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lalhmunsiama, Gupta PL, Jung H, Tiwari D, Kong S-H, Lee S-M (2017) Insight into the mechanism of Cd(II) and Pb(II) removal by sustainable magnetic biosorbent precursor to Chlorella vulgaris. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 71:206–213

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laurent S, Forge D, Port M, Roch A, Robic C, Elst LV, Muller RN (2008) Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, stabilization, vectorization, physicochemical characterizations, and biological applications. Chem Rev 108:2064–2110

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li Q, Lian L, Wang X, Wang R, Tian Y, Guo X, Lou D (2017) Analysis of microcystins using high-performance liquid chromatography and magnetic solid-phase extraction with silica-coated magnetite with cetylpyridinium chloride. J Sep Sci 40:1644–1650

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu P-R, Wang T, Yang Z-Y, Hong Y, Hou Y-L (2017) Long-chain poly-arginine functionalized porous Fe3O4 microspheres as magnetic flocculant for efficient harvesting of oleaginous microalgae. Algal Res 27:99–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu P-R, Yang Z-Y, Hong Y, Hou Y-L (2018) An in situ method for synthesis of magnetic nanomaterials and efficient harvesting for oleaginous microalgae in algal culture. Algal Res 31:173–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Jin W, Zhou X, Han S-F, Tu R, Feng X, Jensen PD, Wang Q (2019) Efficient harvesting of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus cultivated in urban sewage by magnetic flocculation using nano-Fe3O4 coated with polyethyleneimine. Bioresour Technol 290:121771

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ma J, Xia W, Fu X, Ding L, Kong Y, Zhang H, Fu K (2020) Magnetic flocculation of algae-laden raw water and removal of extracellular organic matter by using composite flocculant of Fe3O4/cationic polyacrylamide. J Clean Prod 248:119276

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahdavi M, Namvar F, Bin Ahmad M, Mohamad R (2013) Green biosynthesis and characterization of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles using seaweed (Sargassum muticum) aqueous extract. Molecules 18:5954–5964

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mashjoor S, Yousefzadi M, Zolgharnain H, Kamrani E, Alishahi M (2018) Organic and inorganic nano-Fe3O4: alga Ulva flexuosa-based synthesis, antimicrobial effects and acute toxicity to briny water rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis. Environ Pollut 237:50–64

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mashjoor S, Yousefzadi M, Zolgharnein H, Kamrani E, Alishahi M (2019) Phyco-linked vs chemogenic magnetite nanoparticles: route selectivity in nano-synthesis, antibacterial and acute zooplanktonic responses. Mater Sci Eng C 102:324–340

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matter IA, Bui VKH, Jung M, Seo JY, Kim Y-E, Lee Y-C, Oh Y-K (2019) Flocculation harvesting techniques for microalgae: a review. Appl Sci 9:3069

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milledge JJ, Heaven S (2013) A review of the harvesting of micro-algae for biofuel production. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 12:165–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullerova S, Baldikova E, Prochazkova J, Pospiskova K, Safarik I (2019) Magnetically modified macroalgae Cymopolia barbata biomass as an adsorbent for safranin O removal. Mater Chem Phys 225:174–180

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nematian T, Barati M (2019) Nanobiocatalytic processes for producing biodiesel from algae. In: Rai M, Ingle AP (eds) Sustainable bioenergy. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 299–326

  • Ozudogru Y, Merdivan M, Göksan T (2016) Biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by iron oxide-coated Cystoseira barbata. J Turk Chem Soc A 3:551–564

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pang L, Quan H, Sun Y, Wang P, Ma D, Mu P, Chai T, Zhang Y, Hammock BD (2019) A rapid competitive ELISA assay of okadaic acid level based on epoxy-functionalized magnetic beads. Food Agric Immunol 30:1286–1302

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petropoulos K, Bodini SF, Fabiani L, Micheli L, Porchetta A, Piermarini S, Volpe G, Pasquazzi FM, Sanfilippo L, Moscetta P, Chiavarini S, Palleschi G (2019) Re-modeling ELISA kits embedded in an automated system suitable for on-line detection of algal toxins in seawater. Sens Actuators B 283:865–872

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Safarik I, Baldikova E, Prochazkova J, Safarikova M, Pospiskova K (2018) Magnetically modified agricultural and food waste: preparation and application. J Agric Food Chem 66:2538–2552

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Safarik I, Maderova Z, Pospiskova K, Horska K, Safarikova M (2014) Magnetic decoration and labeling of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In: Fakhrullin RF, Choi I, Lvov YM (eds) Cell surface engineering: fabrication of functional nanoshells. RSC Smart Materials No. 9. RSC, London, pp 185–215

  • Safarik I, Pospiskova K, Baldikova E, Safarikova M (2016a) Development of advanced biorefinery concepts using magnetically responsive materials. Biochem Eng J 116:17–26

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Safarik I, Pospiskova K, Baldikova E, Safarikova M (2017) Magnetic particles for microalgae separation and biotechnology. In: Puri M (ed) Food bioactives: extraction and biotechnology applications. Springer, Cham, pp 153–169

  • Safarik I, Pospiskova K, Horska K, Safarikova M (2012) Potential of magnetically responsive (nano)biocomposites. Soft Matter 8:5407–5413

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Safarik I, Prochazkova G, Pospiskova K, Branyik T (2016b) Magnetically modified microalgae and their applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 36:931–941

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Safarik I, Prochazkova J, Baldikova E, Pospiskova K (2020) Magnetically responsive algae and seagrass derivatives for pollutant removal. In: Vilarinho C, Castro F, Goncalves M, Fernando AL (eds) Wastes: solutions, treatments and opportunities III. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 131–136

  • Safarik I, Safarikova M (2004) Magnetic techniques for the isolation and purification of proteins and peptides. BioMagn Res Technol 2:7

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Safarikova M, Safarik I (1999) Magnetic solid-phase extraction. J Magn Magn Mater 194:108–112

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salem DMSA, Ismail MM, Aly-Eldeen MA (2019) Biogenic synthesis and antimicrobial potency of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles using algae harvested from the Mediterranean Sea. Egypt J Aquat Res 45:197–204

  • Satheeshkumar MK, Kumar ER, Indhumathi P, Srinivas C, Deepty M, Sathiyaraj S, Suriyanarayanan N, Sastry DL (2020) Structural, morphological and magnetic properties of algae/CoFe2O4 and algae/Ag-Fe-O nanocomposites and their biomedical applications. Inorg Chem Commun 111:107578

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seo JY, Kim MG, Lee K, Lee Y-C, Na J-G, Jeon SG, Park SB, Oh Y-K (2017) Multifunctional nanoparticle applications to microalgal biorefinery. In: Rai M, da Silva SS (eds) Nanotechnology for bioenergy and biofuel production. Springer, Cham, pp 59–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Seo JY, Jeon HJ, Kim JW, Lee J, Oh YK, Ahn CW, Lee JW (2018) Simulated-sunlight-driven cell lysis of magnetophoretically separated microalgae using ZnFe2O4 octahedrons. Ind Eng Chem Res 57:1655–1661

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schröfel A, Kratošová G, Šafařík I, Šafaříková M, Raška I, Shor LM (2014) Applications of biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles – a review. Acta Biomater 10:4023–4042

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Son E-B, Poo K-M, Chang J-S, Chae K-J (2018a) Heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions using engineered magnetic biochars derived from waste marine macro-algal biomass. Sci Total Environ 615:161–168

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Son E-B, Poo K-M, Mohamed HO, Choi Y-J, Cho W-C, Chae K-J (2018b) A novel approach to developing a reusable marine macro-algae adsorbent with chitosan and ferric oxide for simultaneous efficient heavy metal removal and easy magnetic separation. Bioresour Technol 259:381–387

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sosa-Hernández JE, Escobedo-Avellaneda Z, Iqbal HMN, Welti-Chanes J (2018) State-of-the-art extraction methodologies for bioactive compounds from algal biome to meet bio-economy challenges and opportunities. Molecules 23:2953

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Taghizadeh S-M, Berenjian A, Chew KW, Show PL, Zaid HFM, Ramezani H, Ghasemi Y, Raee MJ, Ebrahiminezhad A (2020) Impact of magnetic immobilization on the cell physiology of green unicellular algae Chlorella vulgaris. Bioengineered 11:141–153

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vashist V, Chauhan D, Bhattacharya A, Rai MP (2019) Role of silica coated magnetic nanoparticle on cell flocculation, lipid extraction and linoleic acid production from Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Nat Prod Res in press

  • Vergini S, Aravantinou AF, Manariotis ID (2016) Harvesting of freshwater and marine microalgae by common flocculants and magnetic microparticles. J Appl Phycol 28:1041–1049

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Wu D, Chu KH, Ye LQ, Yip HY, Cai ZH, Wong PK (2017a) Removal of harmful alga, Chattonella marina, by recyclable natural magnetic sphalerite. J Hazard Mater 324:498–506

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XQ, Li GZ, Row KH (2017b) Magnetic graphene oxide modified by imidazole-based ionic liquids for the magnetic-based solid-phase extraction of polysaccharides from brown alga. J Sep Sci 40:3301–3310

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XY, Zhao Y, Jiang XX, Liu LJ, Li X, Li HX, Liang WY (2018) In-situ self-assembly of plant polyphenol-coated Fe3O4 particles for oleaginous microalgae harvesting. J Environ Manag 214:335–345

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu W, Wu ZH, Yu T, Jiang CZ, Kim WS (2015) Recent progress on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, surface functional strategies and biomedical applications. Sci Technol Adv Mater 16:023501

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Y, Wang X, Fu Y, Hu F, Qian G, Liu Q, Sun Y (2019) Interaction energy and detachment of magnetic nanoparticles-algae. Environ Technol in press

  • Xu YF, Fu Y, Zhang DY (2017) Cost-effectiveness analysis on magnetic harvesting of algal cells. Mater Today Proc 4:50–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang L, Wang Y, Liu A, Zhang Y (2019) CoOx/MoOy-anchored multi-wrinkled biomass carbon as a promising material for rapidly selective methyl blue removal. J Mater Sci 54:11024–11036

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Y, Hou J, Wang P, Wang C, Miao L, Ao Y, Xu Y, Wang X, Lv B, You G, Yang Z (2018a) Interpretation of the disparity in harvesting efficiency of different types of Microcystis aeruginosa using polyethylenimine (PEI)-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Algal Res 29:257–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang YY, Hou J, Wang PF, Wang C, Miao LZ, Ao YH, Wang X, Lv BW, You GX, Liu ZL, Shao YX (2018b) The effects of extracellular polymeric substances on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles stability and the removal of microcystin-LR in aqueous environments. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 148:89–96

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yew YP, Shameli K, Miyake M, Kuwano N, Bt Ahmad Khairudin NB, Bt Mohamad SE, Lee KX (2016) Green synthesis of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles using seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) extract. Nanoscale Res Lett 11:276

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yew YP, Shameli K, Miyake M, Ahmad Khairudin NBB, Mohamad SEB, Naiki T, Lee KX (2020) Green biosynthesis of superparamagnetic magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles and biomedical applications in targeted anticancer drug delivery system: a review. Arab J Chem 13:2287–2308 

  • Yin Z, Zhu L, Li S, Hu T, Chu R, Mo F, Hu D, Liu C, Li B (2020) A comprehensive review on cultivation and harvesting of microalgae for biodiesel production: environmental pollution control and future directions. Bioresour Technol 301:122804

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu LD, Hiltunen E, Li Z (2019) Using magnetic materials to harvest microalgal biomass: evaluation of harvesting and detachment efficiency. Environ Technol 40:1006–1012

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was carried out in the frame of the COST Actions ES1408 “European network for algal-bioproducts (EUALGAE)” and CA18238 “European transdisciplinary networking platform for marine biotechnology.”

Funding

The research was supported by the project LTC17020 (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic) and by ERDF project “Development of pre-applied research in nanotechnology and biotechnology” (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_048/0007323).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nanobiotechnology, Biology Centre, ISB, CAS, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

    Ivo Safarik, Eva Baldikova & Jitka Prochazkova

  2. Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Ivo Safarik & Kristyna Pospiskova

Authors
  1. Ivo Safarik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Eva Baldikova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jitka Prochazkova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kristyna Pospiskova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ivo Safarik.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Safarik, I., Baldikova, E., Prochazkova, J. et al. Magnetic particles in algae biotechnology: recent updates. J Appl Phycol 32, 1743–1753 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02109-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02109-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation