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Is there an effect of fostering a brood parasite on the timing of host autumn migration?

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Abstract

Obligate avian brood parasites usually require longer and/or more parental care than host progeny and thus may have a detrimental effect on survival of host parents. Many hosts of brood parasites are long-distance migrants, spending significant proportions of annual cycles at different sites around the world, which makes correct timing of particular events within these cycles of utmost importance. Nevertheless, conditions in a given phase of the annual cycle may influence the timing of the following phases via carry-over effects. Here, we explored whether great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) parents fostering a brood-parasitic common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) were delayed on departure from the breeding site and arrival at the wintering sites compared to the parents caring for own nestlings. Additionally, we tested whether the parents with nestlings hatched later in the season set out for autumn migration and arrived at the wintering sites later than the parents with nestlings hatched earlier in the season and whether female parents lagged in time behind male parents during autumn migration. We found that the parents fostering the common cuckoo were delayed neither on departure from the breeding site nor on arrival at the wintering sites compared to the parents rearing own nestlings. Moreover, there was no effect of hatching date and parent sex on the timing of autumn migration. Future studies may rather focus on tracking female parents which could be more affected by the care for a brood parasite than male parents. Future researchers may also strive to monitor post-fledging survival of young, as increased mortality of either the brood-parasitic or host fledglings could affect the end of host parental care and thus also the timing of host autumn migration.

Zusammenfassung

Hat die Aufzucht eines Brutparasiten einen Einfluss auf den Zeitpunkt des Abzuges der Wirte?

Obligate Vogelbrutparasiten benötigen in der Regel eine längere und/oder intensivere Elternpflege als die Nachkommen der Wirtsvögel, was sich nachteilig auf das Überleben der Wirte auswirken kann. Viele Wirte von Brutparasiten sind Langstreckenzieher, die einen beträchtlichen Teil ihrer Jahreszyklen an verschiedenen Orten der Welt verbringen und für die ein korrektes Timing bestimmter Phasen innerhalb dieser Zyklen von großer Bedeutung ist. Die Bedingungen in einer Phase des Jahreszyklus können jedoch den Zeitpunkt der folgenden Phasen durch Übertragungseffekte beeinflussen. Wir untersuchten, ob Drosselrohrsänger (Acrocephalus arundinaceus), die einen Jungkuckuck (Cuculus canorus) aufziehen, beim Abflug aus dem Brutgebiet und bei der Ankunft in ihre Winterquartiere verspätet sind, im Vergleich zu den, die sich um ihre eigenen Nestlinge kümmern. Außerdem untersuchten wir, ob die Eltern mit später in der Saison geschlüpften Nestlingen später abziehen und später in ihre Überwinterungsgebiete ankommen als die mit früher in der Saison geschlüpften Nestlingen sowie ob die Weibchen während des Wegzuges im Vergleich zu den Männchen verspätet sind. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Eltern, die einen Kuckuck aufzogen, weder beim Abflug aus dem Brutgebiet noch bei der Ankunft in die Winterquartiere verspätet waren, im Vergleich zu den Eltern, die eigene Nestlinge aufzogen. Außerdem hatten weder das Schlupfdatum noch das Geschlecht der Eltern einen Einfluss auf den Zeitpunkt des Wegzuges. Zukünftige Studien könnten sich eher auf die Weibchen konzentrieren, die von der Fürsorge für einen Brutparasiten stärker betroffen sein könnten als die Männchen. Außerdem sollten zukünftige Untersuchungen auch das Überleben der Jungvögel nach dem Ausfliegen überwachen, da eine erhöhte Sterblichkeit der Brutparasiten- oder Wirtsjungen das Ende der Brutpflege und damit auch den Zeitpunkt des Abzuges der Wirte beeinflussen könnte.

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Data availability

The dataset analysed during the current study is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

Custom R code is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank V. Brlík, M. Čapek, V. Jelínek, B. Prudík, K. Sosnovcová, P. Steidlová, G. Štětková, and M. Šulc for invaluable help in the field, and the management of the Hodonín Fish Farm for consent to work in a private area. Steffen Hahn kindly provided PAM loggers and commented on a previous version of the manuscript. The comments of two anonymous referees significantly improved the quality of the paper.

Funding

Funding was provided by the Czech Science Foundation (grant no. 20-00648S). JK was also supported by the Charles University Research Centre program No. 204069.

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PP and MH provided funding; PP supervised the research; PP, MP, and JK conducted the fieldwork; JK analysed the light-level data; MP performed statistical analyses and wrote the paper; all co-authors read and commented the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Petr Procházka.

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The fieldwork complied with the current laws and ethical guidelines of the Czech Republic (permit numbers JMK23530/2011 and JMK48964/2017; licence number CZ01284).

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Communicated by S. Bouwhuis.

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Požgayová, M., Koleček, J., Honza, M. et al. Is there an effect of fostering a brood parasite on the timing of host autumn migration?. J Ornithol 163, 417–423 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-021-01949-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-021-01949-y

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