Accumulation of Toxic Arsenic by Cherry Radish Tuber (Raphanus sativus var. sativus Pers.) and Its Physiological, Metabolic and Anatomical Stress Responses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Arsenic Content and Effect on Biomass of Cherry Radish
2.2. Phosphorus and Sulphur Content under Arsenic Exposure
2.3. Phytohormone Content under Arsenic Exposure
2.4. Free Amino Acid Content under Arsenic Exposure
2.5. Total Anthocyanin Content and Ascorbic Acid under Arsenic Exposure
2.6. Anatomy of Cherry Radish under Arsenic Exposure
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Pot Experiment
4.2. Microscopic Observations
4.3. Determination of Elements
4.4. Determination of Phytohormones
4.5. Determination of Free Amino Acids
4.6. Determination of Ascorbic Acid
4.7. Determination of Total Anthocyanin Content
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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As Content in Plant Parts (mg/kg DM) | |||
---|---|---|---|
leaves | tubers | root | |
As0 | nd | 3.6 ± 0.2 a | 12.3 ± 2.8 a |
As20 | nd | 4.7 ± 0.2 b | 25.5 ± 6.7 a |
As100 | 6.6 ± 0.9 | 31.1 ± 0.5 c | 353.0 ± 55.8 b |
As0 | As20 | As100 | |
---|---|---|---|
Total AAs content (μmol/kg FM) | 3676.1 ± 443.2 b | 4291.6 ± 376.8 c | 3020.9 ± 376.9 a |
Transport AAs (μmol/kg FM) | 2081.7 ± 210.7 a | 2416.9 ± 285.9 b | 2223.1 ± 289.7 ab |
Aromatic AAs (μmol/kg FM) | 56.7 ± 18.4 b | 32.2 ± 9.8 a | 19.2 ± 1.2 a |
Gln (μmol/kg FM) | 1127.2 ± 122.5 a | 1306.4 ± 189.8 ab | 1508.0 ± 214.4 b |
Met (μmol/kg FM) | 2.7 ± 1.4 a | 2.6 ± 1.2 a | 5.7 ± 0.2 b |
Glu/Gln (−) | 0.4 ± 0.03 a | 0.4 ± 0.06 a | 0.2 ± 0.02 b |
Location | Suchdol, Prague (50°8′8″ N, 14°22′43″ E) |
---|---|
Soil type and subtype | Haplic Chernozem |
pHKCl (−) | 7.1 |
Cation exchange capacity (mmol(+)/kg) | 258 |
Organic carbon (%) | 1.83 |
Pseudo-total content of As (mg/kg) | 16 ± 1.7 |
Water-soluble fraction of As (mg/kg) | 0.10 ± 0.01 |
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Pavlíková, D.; Pavlík, M.; Zemanová, V.; Novák, M.; Doležal, P.; Dobrev, P.I.; Motyka, V.; Kraus, K. Accumulation of Toxic Arsenic by Cherry Radish Tuber (Raphanus sativus var. sativus Pers.) and Its Physiological, Metabolic and Anatomical Stress Responses. Plants 2023, 12, 1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061257
Pavlíková D, Pavlík M, Zemanová V, Novák M, Doležal P, Dobrev PI, Motyka V, Kraus K. Accumulation of Toxic Arsenic by Cherry Radish Tuber (Raphanus sativus var. sativus Pers.) and Its Physiological, Metabolic and Anatomical Stress Responses. Plants. 2023; 12(6):1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061257
Chicago/Turabian StylePavlíková, Daniela, Milan Pavlík, Veronika Zemanová, Milan Novák, Petr Doležal, Petre I. Dobrev, Václav Motyka, and Kamil Kraus. 2023. "Accumulation of Toxic Arsenic by Cherry Radish Tuber (Raphanus sativus var. sativus Pers.) and Its Physiological, Metabolic and Anatomical Stress Responses" Plants 12, no. 6: 1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061257