Experimental and Numerical Study of Mechanical Behavior of Welded Steel Plate Joints
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Specimen Design and Preparation
2.2. Test Setup and Loading History
2.3. Instrumentation
3. Experimental Results
3.1. Performance of Welded Plate Joints
3.2. Test Results under Monotonic and Cyclic Loads
3.3. Weld Damage
3.3.1. Weld Damage under Monotonic Loading
- Before yielding, the strains of the two pairs of tension plates show a steady increase, and the strain value of the upper plate is obviously larger than that of the lower plate; when the specimen enters the plastic stage, the strain value increases rapidly, and a slight decrease occurs in the early stage of fracturing.
- In the stage between yielding and destruction, the strain values of the two pairs of tension plates increase rapidly, while the strain values at both ends increase slowly.
- The strain changes at the drawing plate are within the allowable range of the material, and there is no necking or fracturing.
3.3.2. Weld Damage under Cyclic Loading
3.4. Degradation Process of Weld Damage
3.4.1. Damage Modulus Curve
3.4.2. Damage Model Validation
4. Finite Element Analysis
4.1. Finite Element Model
4.2. Verification of the Numerical Model
5. Conclusions
- The welds of the plate-welded joints are damaged, and the average values of the yield strength, maximum strength, and modulus of elasticity of electrode E5015 are close to the theoretical values of the materials, which indicate that the test error is small and that the data are convincing. The fracture created under monotonic drawing is smooth. Furthermore, a large amount of residue appears in the fractured section during the tension and compression cycles, and the overall limit displacement is high. The reason for these results is that the stress redistribution reduces the damage rate of the weld during the cycles of tension and compression.
- Compared with the test and numerical results of the second group of specimens, the maximum error of the hysteresis curve is 5%, and the maximum error of the skeleton curve is 8%, which could prove the reliability of the finite element model analysis. These results show that the mechanical parameters of the welds from the monotonic test could be used in the finite element model.
- According to the verification of the three damage models for the specimens under the action of tension and compression cycles, it can be concluded that the changing trend and corresponding value of the damage modulus of the energy damage model are closer to the test value, so the energy damage model obtained from these tests fits the damage curves better than that obtained from the cyclic tension and compression tests.
- The E5015 weld material performance parameters obtained in this paper and the weld damage law under the action of tension and compression cycles can provide a reference for further research on the mechanical properties of the welded part of steel frame joints.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specimen | Loading Condition | Yield Strength σy (MPa) | Tensile Strength σu (MPa) | Axial Displacement of Welding Δl (mm) | Cross-Sectional Area (mm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S-1 | Monotonic tensile | 383 | 610 | 0.0274 | 342.95 |
S-2 | Monotonic tensile | 375 | 601 | 0.0276 | 348.57 |
S-3 | Monotonic tensile | 390 | 589 | 0.0278 | 340.16 |
S-4 | Tension and compression cycle | 335 | 438 | 0.0282 | 342.65 |
S-5 | Tension and compression cycle | 340 | 445 | 0.0281 | 347.47 |
S-6 | Tension and compression cycle | 445 | 454 | 0.0280 | 346.73 |
Specimen | S-1 | S-2 | S-3 | Average Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yield displacement ΔyA/mm | 0.165 | 0.14 | 0.178 | 0.161 |
Yield load PyA/kN | 102.44 | 115.83 | 96.58 | 104.95 |
Ultimate displacement ΔuA/mm | 3.432 | 1.683 | 3.861 | 2.992 |
Ultimate load PuA/kN | 131.74 | 130.24 | 125.35 | 129.11 |
Yield strength σyA/MPa | 382.52 | 375.34 | 389.51 | 382.46 |
Maximum strength σuA/MPa | 609.64 | 601.44 | 588.53 | 599.87 |
Dissipative energy EA/J | 0.165 | 0.14 | 0.178 | 0.161 |
Specimen | S-4 | S-5 | S-6 | Average Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total cycle | 30 | 26 | 32 | / |
Plastic cycle | 22 | 16 | 22 | / |
Yield displacement ΔyB/mm | 0.143 | 0.141 | 0.152 | 0.145 |
Yield load PyB/kN | 88.6 | 91.98 | 94.63 | 91.74 |
Limit displacement ΔuB/mm | 3.41 | 2.54 | 3.50 | 3.149 |
Ultimate load PuB/kN | 115.82 | 120.26 | 120.81 | 118.96 |
Ductility coefficient u | 23.85 | 18.00 | 23.03 | 21.63 |
Yield strength fyB/MPa | 334.78 | 340.11 | 444.68 | 373.19 |
Tensile strength fuB/MPa | 437.63 | 444.68 | 454.16 | 445.49 |
Cumulative dissipated energy EB/J | 2278 | 1540 | 2302 | 2040.0 |
Specimen | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S−4 | Test value | D | 0.044 | 0.046 | 0.058 | 0.075 | 0.125 | 0.160 | 0.226 | 0.259 | 0.333 | 0.400 | 0.502 |
K | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | ||
Energy damage model | D1 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.008 | 0.024 | 0.056 | 0.094 | 0.142 | 0.212 | 0.286 | 0.360 | 0.500 | |
error | −0.044 | −0.042 | −0.050 | −0.051 | −0.069 | −0.066 | −0.084 | −0.047 | −0.046 | −0.040 | −0.002 | ||
K2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | ||
error | −0.150 | 0.000 | −0.010 | 0.000 | −0.010 | 0.000 | −0.010 | 0.010 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
S−5 | Test value | D | 0.016 | 0.003 | 0.084 | 0.138 | 0.178 | 0.245 | 0.297 | 0.428 | / | / | / |
K | 0.06 | −0.02 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | / | / | / | ||
Energy damage model | D1 | 0.000 | 0.011 | 0.035 | 0.073 | 0.136 | 0.231 | 0.323 | 0.430 | / | / | / | |
error | −0.016 | 0.008 | −0.049 | −0.065 | −0.042 | −0.014 | 0.028 | 0.002 | / | / | / | ||
K2 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | / | / | / | ||
error | −0.060 | 0.030 | −0.040 | −0.010 | 0.000 | 0.010 | 0.010 | −0.010 | / | / | / | ||
S−6 | Test value | D | 0.000 | 0.024 | 0.027 | 0.084 | 0.138 | 0.211 | 0.277 | 0.346 | 0.394 | 0.441 | 0.514 |
K | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||
Energy damage model | D1 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.011 | 0.033 | 0.070 | 0.131 | 0.210 | 0.274 | 0.345 | 0.421 | 0.514 | |
error | 0.000 | −0.021 | −0.016 | −0.051 | −0.068 | −0.080 | −0.067 | −0.072 | −0.049 | −0.020 | 0.000 | ||
K2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||
error | 0.000 | −0.030 | 0.010 | −0.020 | −0.010 | −0.000 | 0.000 | −0.010 | 0.010 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
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Ma, H.; Zheng, H.; Zhang, W.; Tang, Z.; Lui, E.M. Experimental and Numerical Study of Mechanical Behavior of Welded Steel Plate Joints. Metals 2020, 10, 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10101293
Ma H, Zheng H, Zhang W, Tang Z, Lui EM. Experimental and Numerical Study of Mechanical Behavior of Welded Steel Plate Joints. Metals. 2020; 10(10):1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10101293
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Hongwei, Hao Zheng, Wei Zhang, Zhanzhan Tang, and Eric M. Lui. 2020. "Experimental and Numerical Study of Mechanical Behavior of Welded Steel Plate Joints" Metals 10, no. 10: 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10101293