Abstract
The present study focuses on the microstructural evolution in Co–Re–Cr–Ni alloys at high temperatures. Four alloys with different Cr and Ni contents were studied. The microstructural examinations were performed using complementary methods of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and neutron diffraction. Based on the experimental results and assisted by thermodynamic calculations, the effect of Cr and Ni on the microstructure could be identified. While both Ni and Cr, but Cr only if Ni is also present in the alloy, stabilize the fcc phase, the impacts of these elements on the σ phase formation are different. It was found that the temperature stability of the σ phase enhances with increasing Cr content, whereas Ni reduces the required Cr concentration for the σ phase formation. The evaluation of the Cr and Ni effects on the microstructural evolution contributes to a fundamental understanding of the alloy behaviour and, thus, is a key aspect for successful alloy development.
References
[1] A.Mottura, R.C.Reed: MATEC Web Conf.14 (2014). 10.1051/matecconf/20141401001Search in Google Scholar
[2] D.L.Anton, F.D.Lemkey, in: M.Gell, C.S.Kortovich, R.H.Bricknell, W.B.Kent, J.F.Radavich (Eds.), Superalloys 1984, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale, PA (1984) 601.Search in Google Scholar
[3] A.F.Giamei, D.L.Anton: Metall. Trans. A, 16 (1985) 1997. 10.1007/BF02662400Search in Google Scholar
[4] W.S.Walston, J.C.Schaeffer, W.H.Murphy: Superalloys1996 (1996) 9. 10.7449/1996/Superalloys_1996_9_18Search in Google Scholar
[5] R.Darolia, D.F.Lahrmann, R.D.Field: Superalloys1988 (1988) 255. 10.7449/1988/Superalloys_1988_255_264Search in Google Scholar
[6] J.Rösler, D.Mukherji, T.Baranski: Adv. Eng. Mater.9–10 (2007) 876. 10.1002/adem.200700132Search in Google Scholar
[7] D.Mukherji, J.Rösler, P.Strunz, S.Piegert: Int. J. Mater. Res.102–9 (2011) 1125. 10.3139/146.110563Search in Google Scholar
[8] M.Heilmaier, J.Rösler, D.Mukherji, M.Krüger in Microstructural Design of Advanced Engineering Materials, D.A.Molodov (eds.), Wiley-VCH, (2013). 10.1002/9783527652815.ch19Search in Google Scholar
[9] B.Gorr, V.Trindade, S.Burk, H.-J.Christ, M.Klauke, D.Mukherji, J.Rösler: Oxid. Met.71 (2009) 157. 10.1007/s11085-008-9133-ySearch in Google Scholar
[10] M.Heilmaier, M.Krüger, H.Saage, J.Rösler, D.Mukherji, U.Glatzel, R.Völkl, R.Hüttner, G.Eggeler, Ch.Somsen, T.Depka, H.-J.Christ, B.Gorr, S.Burk: JOM-J. Min. Met. Mat. S.61 (2009) 61. 10.1007/s11837-009-0106-7Search in Google Scholar
[11] L.Wang, B.Gorr, H.-J.Christ, D.Mukherji, J.Rösler: Corros. Sci.93 (2015) 19. 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.01.004Search in Google Scholar
[12] K.Esleben, B.Gorr, H.-J.Christ, D.Mukherji, J.Rösler: Mater. High Temp.35 (2018) 177. 10.1080/09603409.2017.1392111Search in Google Scholar
[13] P.Beran, D.Mukherji, P.Strunz, R.Gilles, M.Hölzel, J.Rösler: Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng.2018 (2018) 6. 10.1155/2018/5410871Search in Google Scholar
[14] K.Dörries, D.Mukherji, J.Rösler, K.Esleben, B.Gorr, H.-J.Christ: Metals8 (2018) 706. 10.3390/met8090706Search in Google Scholar
[15] M.Hoelzel, A.Senyshyn, N.Juenke, H.Boysen, W.Schmahl, H.Fuess: Nucl. Instr. A667 (2012) 32. 10.1016/j.nima.2011.11.070Search in Google Scholar
[16] J.Rodriguez-Carvajal: Physica B192 (1993) 55. 10.1016/0921-4526(93)90108-ISearch in Google Scholar
[17] I.Hatta, H.Ichikawa, M.Todoki: Thermochim. Acta267 (1995) 83. 10.1016/0040-6031(95)02468-9Search in Google Scholar
[18] W.-R.Wang, W.-L.Wang, J.-W.Yeh: J. Alloys Compd.589 (2014) 143. 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.084Search in Google Scholar
[19] M.Palumbo, T.Abe, C.Kocer, H.Murakami, H.Onodera: CALPHAD34 (2010) 495. 10.1016/j.calphad.2010.09.003Search in Google Scholar
[20] Y.Dong, L.Jiang, Y.Lu, T.Wang, T.Li: Mater. Design, 82 (2015) 91. 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.05.046Search in Google Scholar
[21] Y.Liu, H.Yang, Y.Liu, B.Jiang, J.Ding, R.Woodward: Acta Mater.53 (2005) 3625. 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.04.019Search in Google Scholar
[22] B.Milkereit, N.Wanderka, C.Schick, O.Kessler: Mat. Sci. Eng A-Struct.550 (2012) 87. 10.1016/j.msea.2012.04.033Search in Google Scholar
[23] J.W.Christian: P. Roy. Soc. A-Math. Phy.206 (1951) 51. 10.1098/rspa.1951.0055Search in Google Scholar
[24] C.M.Garzón, A.J.Ramirez: Acta Mater.54 (2006) 3321. 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.03.018Search in Google Scholar
[25] E.Baerlecken, H.Fabritius: Arch. Eisenhuttenwes.26 (1955) 679. 10.1002/srin.195502095Search in Google Scholar
[26] C.-C.Hsieh, W.Wu: ISRN Metallurgy2012 (2012). 10.5402/2012/732471Search in Google Scholar
[27] R.J.Gray, V.K.Sikka, R.T.King: JOM-J. Min. Met. Mat. S.30 (1978) 18. 10.1007/BF03354388Search in Google Scholar
[28] D.Mukherji, J.Rösler, J.Wehrs, P.Strunz, P.Beran, R.Gilles, M.Hofmann, M.Hölzel, H.Eckerlebe, L.Szentmiklosi, Z.Macsik: Metall. Mater. Trans. A44 (2013) 1834. 10.1007/s11661-012-1363-6Search in Google Scholar
[29] D.Mukherji, P.Strunz, R.Gilles, L.Karge, J.Rösler: Kovove Mater.53 (2015) 287. 10.4149/km-2015-4-287Search in Google Scholar
[30] D.Peckner, I.M.Bernstein: Handbook of Stainless Steels, McGraw-Hill, New York, (1977).Search in Google Scholar
[31] B.Gorr, H.-J.Christ, D.Mukherji, J.Rösler: J. Alloys Compd.582 (2014) 50. 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.07.055Search in Google Scholar
[32] D.Mukherji, P.Strunz, S.Piegert, R.Gilles, M.Hofmann, M.Hölzel, J.Rösler: Metall. Mater. Trans. A43-6 (2012) 1834. 10.1007/s11661-011-1058-4Search in Google Scholar
© 2019, Carl Hanser Verlag, München
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
