The International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) was founded in 1978 and was the first institution in Italy to promote post-graduate courses leading to a Doctor Philosophiae (or PhD) degree. A centre of excellence among Italian and international universities, the school has around 65 teachers, 100 post docs and 245 PhD students, and is located in Trieste, in a campus of more than 10 hectares with wonderful views over the Gulf of Trieste.
SISSA hosts a very high-ranking, large and multidisciplinary scientific research output. The scientific papers produced by its researchers are published in high impact factor, well-known international journals, and in many cases in the world's most prestigious scientific journals such as Nature and Science. Over 900 students have so far started their careers in the field of mathematics, physics and neuroscience research at SISSA.
Combined fit of spectrum and composition data as measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory
A. Aab63, P. Abreu70, M. Aglietta47,48, I. Al Samarai29, I.F.M. Albuquerque16, I. Allekotte1, A. Almela8,11, J. Alvarez Castillo62, J. Alvarez-Muñiz79, G.A. Anastasi38, L. Anchordoqui83, B. Andrada8, S. Andringa70, C. Aramo45, F. Arqueros77, N. Arsene73, H. Asorey1,24, P. Assis70, J. Aublin29, G. Avila9,10, A.M. Badescu74, A. Balaceanu71, R.J. Barreira Luz70, J.J. Beatty88, K.H. Becker31, J.A. Bellido12, C. Berat30, M.E. Bertaina47,56, X. Bertou1, P.L. Biermann95, P. Billoir29, J. Biteau28, S.G. Blaess12, A. Blanco70, J. Blazek25, C. Bleve43,50, M. Boháčová25, D. Boncioli40,97, C. Bonifazi22, N. Borodai67, A.M. Botti8,33, J. Brack82, I. Brancus71, T. Bretz35, A. Bridgeman33, F.L. Briechle35, P. Buchholz37, A. Bueno78, S. Buitink63, M. Buscemi42,52, K.S. Caballero-Mora60, L. Caccianiga53, A. Cancio8,11, F. Canfora63, L. Caramete72, R. Caruso42,52, A. Castellina47,48, G. Cataldi43, L. Cazon70, A.G. Chavez61, J.A. Chinellato17, J. Chudoba25, R.W. Clay12, R. Colalillo45,54, A. Coleman89, L. Collica47, M.R. Coluccia43,50, R. Conceição70, F. Contreras9,10, M.J. Cooper12, S. Coutu89, C.E. Covault80, J. Cronin90, S. D'Amico43,49, B. Daniel17, S. Dasso3,5, K. Daumiller33, B.R. Dawson12, R.M. de Almeida23, S.J. de Jong63,65, G. De Mauro63, J.R.T. de Mello Neto22, I. De Mitri43,50, J. de Oliveira23, V. de Souza15, J. Debatin33, O. Deligny28, C. Di Giulio46,55, A. di Matteo41,51,98, M.L. Díaz Castro17, F. Diogo70, C. Dobrigkeit17, J.C. D'Olivo62, Q. Dorosti37, R.C. dos Anjos21, M.T. Dova4, A. Dundovic36, J. Ebr25, R. Engel33, M. Erdmann35, M. Erfani37, C.O. Escobar100, J. Espadanal70, A. Etchegoyen8,11, H. Falcke63,65,66, G. Farrar86, A.C. Fauth17, N. Fazzini100, B. Fick85, J.M. Figueira8, A. Filipčič75,76, O. Fratu74, M.M. Freire6, T. Fujii90, A. Fuster8,11, R. Gaior29, B. García7, D. Garcia-Pinto77, F. Gaté99, H. Gemmeke34, A. Gherghel-Lascu71, P.L. Ghia28, U. Giaccari22, M. Giammarchi44, M. Giller68, D. Głas69, C. Glaser35, G. Golup1, M. Gómez Berisso1, P.F. Gómez Vitale9,10, N. González8,33, A. Gorgi47,48, P. Gorham91, A.F. Grillo40, T.D. Grubb12, F. Guarino45,54, G.P. Guedes18, M.R. Hampel8, P. Hansen4, D. Harari1, T.A. Harrison12, J.L. Harton82, A. Haungs33, T. Hebbeker35, D. Heck33, P. Heimann37, A.E. Herve32, G.C. Hill12, C. Hojvat100, E. Holt8,33, P. Homola67, J.R. Hörandel63,65, P. Horvath26, M. Hrabovský26, T. Huege33, J. Hulsman8,33, A. Insolia42,52, P.G. Isar72, I. Jandt31, S. Jansen63,65, J.A. Johnsen81, M. Josebachuili8, A. Kääpä31, O. Kambeitz32, K.H. Kampert31, I. Katkov32, B. Keilhauer33, E. Kemp17, J. Kemp35, R.M. Kieckhafer85, H.O. Klages33, M. Kleifges34, J. Kleinfeller9, R. Krause35, N. Krohm31, D. Kuempel35, G. Kukec Mezek76, N. Kunka34, A. Kuotb Awad33, D. LaHurd80, M. Lauscher35, R. Legumina68, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira20, A. Letessier-Selvon29, I. Lhenry-Yvon28, K. Link32, L. Lopes70, R. López57, A. López Casado79, Q. Luce28, A. Lucero8,11, M. Malacari90, M. Mallamaci44,53, D. Mandat25, P. Mantsch100, A.G. Mariazzi4, I.C. Mariš78, G. Marsella43,50, D. Martello43,50, H. Martinez58, O. Martínez Bravo57, J.J. Masías Meza3, H.J. Mathes33, S. Mathys31, J. Matthews84, J.A.J. Matthews93, G. Matthiae46,55, E. Mayotte31, P.O. Mazur100, C. Medina81, G. Medina-Tanco62, D. Melo8, A. Menshikov34, M.I. Micheletti6, L. Middendorf35, I.A. Minaya77, L. Miramonti44,53, B. Mitrica71, D. Mockler32, S. Mollerach1, F. Montanet30, C. Morello47,48, M. Mostafá89, A.L. Müller8,33, G. Müller35, M.A. Muller17,19, S. Müller8,33, R. Mussa47, I. Naranjo1, L. Nellen62, P.H. Nguyen12, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu71, M. Niechciol37, L. Niemietz31, T. Niggemann35, D. Nitz85, D. Nosek27, V. Novotny27, H. Nožka26, L.A. Núñez24, L. Ochilo37, F. Oikonomou89, A. Olinto90, M. Palatka25, J. Pallotta2, P. Papenbreer31, G. Parente79, A. Parra57, T. Paul83,87, M. Pech25, F. Pedreira79, J. Pȩkala67, R. Pelayo59, J. Peña-Rodriguez24, L. A. S. Pereira17, M. Perlín8, L. Perrone43,50, C. Peters35, S. Petrera38,41,51, J. Phuntsok89, R. Piegaia3, T. Pierog33, P. Pieroni3, M. Pimenta70, V. Pirronello42,52, M. Platino8, M. Plum35, C. Porowski67, R.R. Prado15, P. Privitera90, M. Prouza25, E.J. Quel2, S. Querchfeld31, S. Quinn80, R. Ramos-Pollan24, J. Rautenberg31, D. Ravignani8, B. Revenu99, J. Ridky25, M. Risse37, P. Ristori2, V. Rizi41,51, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho16, G. Rodriguez Fernandez46,55, J. Rodriguez Rojo9, D. Rogozin33, M.J. Roncoroni8, M. Roth33, E. Roulet1, A.C. Rovero5, P. Ruehl37, S.J. Saffi12, A. Saftoiu71, F. Salamida41,51, H. Salazar57, A. Saleh76, F. Salesa Greus89, G. Salina46, F. Sánchez8, P. Sanchez-Lucas78, E.M. Santos16, E. Santos8, F. Sarazin81, R. Sarmento70, C.A. Sarmiento8, R. Sato9, M. Schauer31, V. Scherini43, H. Schieler33, M. Schimp31, D. Schmidt8,33, O. Scholten64,96, P. Schovánek25, F.G. Schröder33, A. Schulz32, J. Schulz63, J. Schumacher35, S.J. Sciutto4, A. Segreto39,42, M. Settimo29, A. Shadkam84, R.C. Shellard13, G. Sigl36, G. Silli8,33, O. Sima73, A. Śmiałkowski68, R. Šmída33, G.R. Snow92, P. Sommers89, S. Sonntag37, J. Sorokin12, R. Squartini9, D. Stanca71, S. Stanič76, J. Stasielak67, P. Stassi30, F. Strafella43,50, F. Suarez8,11, M. Suarez Durán24, T. Sudholz12, T. Suomijärvi28, A.D. Supanitsky5, J. Swain87, Z. Szadkowski69, A. Taboada32, O.A. Taborda1, A. Tapia8, V.M. Theodoro17, C. Timmermans63,65, C.J. Todero Peixoto14, L. Tomankova33, B. Tomé70, G. Torralba Elipe79, P. Travnicek25, M. Trini76, R. Ulrich33, M. Unger33, M. Urban35, J.F. Valdés Galicia62, I. Valiño79, L. Valore45,54, G. van Aar63, P. van Bodegom12, A.M. van den Berg64, A. van Vliet63, E. Varela57, B. Vargas Cárdenas62, G. Varner91, J.R. Vázquez77, R.A. Vázquez79, D. Veberič33, I.D. Vergara Quispe4, V. Verzi46, J. Vicha25, L. Villaseñor61, S. Vorobiov76, H. Wahlberg4, O. Wainberg8,11, D. Walz35, A.A. Watson94, M. Weber34, A. Weindl33, L. Wiencke81, H. Wilczyński67, T. Winchen31, M. Wirtz35, D. Wittkowski31, B. Wundheiler8, L. Yang76, D. Yelos8,11, A. Yushkov8, E. Zas79, D. Zavrtanik75,76, M. Zavrtanik75,76, A. Zepeda58, B. Zimmermann34, M. Ziolkowski37, Z. Zong28 and Z. Zong28
1 Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
2 Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Argentina
3 Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
4 IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, Argentina
5 Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Argentina
6 Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)—CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Argentina
7 Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM) and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional—Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Argentina
8 Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
9 Observatorio Pierre Auger, Argentina
10 Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
11 Universidad Tecnológica Nacional—Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
12 University of Adelaide, Australia
13 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), Brazil
14 Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Brazil
15 Universidade de São Paulo, Inst. de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
16 Universidade de São Paulo, Inst. de Física, São Paulo, Brazil
17 Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
18 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Brazil
19 Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
20 Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil
21 Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Brazil
22 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Brazil
23 Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil
24 Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia
25 Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
26 Palacky University, RCPTM, Czech Republic
27 University Prague, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Czech Republic
28 Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris/Saclay, CNRS-IN2P3, France, France
29 Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, France
30 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, France
31 Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany
32 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Germany
33 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
34 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Germany
35 RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
36 Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Germany
37 Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik—Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
38 Gran Sasso Science Institute (INFN), L'Aquila, Italy
39 INAF—Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo, Italy
40 INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy
41 INFN, Gruppo Collegato dell'Aquila, Italy
42 INFN, Sezione di Catania, Italy
43 INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
44 INFN, Sezione di Milano, Italy
45 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Italy
46 INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italy
47 INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
48 Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
49 Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Italy
50 Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
51 Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Italy
52 Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Italy
53 Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
54 Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Italy
55 Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
56 Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
57 Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), México
58 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México
59 Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México
60 Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, México
61 Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, México
62 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
63 Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
64 KVI—Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
65 Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Netherlands
66 Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, Netherlands
67 Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Poland
68 University of \Lód\'z, Faculty of Astrophysics, Poland
69 University of \Lód\'z, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics, Poland
70 Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas—LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico—IST, Universidade de Lisboa—UL, Portugal
71 ``Horia Hulubei'' National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
72 Institute of Space Science, Romania
73 University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Romania
74 University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania
75 Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Slovenia
76 Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
77 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
78 Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Spain
79 Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
80 Case Western Reserve University, U.S.A.
81 Colorado School of Mines, U.S.A.
82 Colorado State University, U.S.A.
83 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, U.S.A.
84 Louisiana State University, U.S.A.
85 Michigan Technological University, U.S.A.
86 New York University, U.S.A.
87 Northeastern University, U.S.A.
88 Ohio State University, U.S.A.
89 Pennsylvania State University, U.S.A.
90 University of Chicago, U.S.A.
91 University of Hawaii, U.S.A.
92 University of Nebraska, U.S.A.
93 University of New Mexico, U.S.A.
94 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
95 Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
96 also at Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
97 now at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen, Germany
98 now at Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
99 SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes
We present a combined fit of a simple astrophysical model of UHECR sources to both the energy spectrum and mass composition data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The fit has been performed for energies above 5 ⋅ 1018 eV, i.e. the region of the all-particle spectrum above the so-called "ankle" feature. The astrophysical model we adopted consists of identical sources uniformly distributed in a comoving volume, where nuclei are accelerated through a rigidity-dependent mechanism. The fit results suggest sources characterized by relatively low maximum injection energies, hard spectra and heavy chemical composition. We also show that uncertainties about physical quantities relevant to UHECR propagation and shower development have a non-negligible impact on the fit results.
