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Complex relationships between lettuce (Lactuca sativa), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and a leafminer pest in a context of ecological soil management

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Abstract

Conventional agriculture has negative impacts on the ecosystems while ecological intensification can ameliorate these effects by enhancing ecological processes. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant root symbionts that improve access to soil nutrients affecting plant growth and biotic interactions. Agricultural managements differentially affect AMF communities, but how these changes feedback on aboveground plant interactions remains poorly studied. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a common crop severely attacked by Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromizydae), a polyphagous leafminer that has developed resistance to various pesticides, for which managing plant defenses and tolerance represents a feasible option to regulate populations. The aim of this study was to investigate if AMF communities from ecological and conventional management produce differential effects on mycorrhizal interaction, tissue phosphorus content and growth of lettuce plants and on L. huidobrensis oviposition preference. In greenhouse, we compared the effects of soils from farms with conventional and ecological managements from central Argentina on lettuce plants, and exposed them to L. huidobrensis mated females. Mycorrhizal colonization was higher with AMF from ecological than conventional treatments, although plant biomass was lower in treatments with AMF than with sterile soils (Strl), or with soil microorganisms without AMF (MO), in both managements. Phosphorus content was significantly higher in plants with MO and AMF in comparison to Strl, with no difference between managements. Plants grown with AMF from ecological management soils were less attacked by leafminers. Also, the insect preferred to oviposit on plants with higher aerial biomass, and this preference increased in plants with lower P content.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the farmers of the sampled sites from Córdoba green belt (Argentina) for kindly letting us extract soil samples from their fields, and the Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (Córdoba, Argentina), Fondo para la investigación Científica y Tecnológica and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas for their funding.

Funding

This study was funded by Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (Córdoba, Argentina), Fondo para la investigación Científica y Tecnológica (FONCyT) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET).

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  1. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina

    Milena Caccia, Carlos Urcelay & Martin Videla

  2. Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic

    Milena Caccia

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  1. Milena Caccia
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Caccia, M., Urcelay, C. & Videla, M. Complex relationships between lettuce (Lactuca sativa), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and a leafminer pest in a context of ecological soil management. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 17, 253–261 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-023-09954-z

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