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Compositional variation of endangered spring fen biota reflects within-site variation in soil temperature

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Abstract

Aims and background

Groundwater-dependent minerotrophic fens are globally threatened biodiversity hotspots. The supply of groundwater keeps their soil thermally stable and mitigates climatic extremes by thermal buffering. This stability has been shown to influence species composition variation at the between-site scale but has not been studied at the within-site scale.

Methods

A total of 19 calcareous fens in the Western Carpathians were sampled for bryophytes, vascular plants, and terrestrial snails with three plots at each site along a watertable gradient, i.e. from the most waterlogged (plot A) through intermediately waterlogged (plot B) to the most terrestrial (plot C) areas. Temperature dataloggers were buried in each plot, and climate variables were derived from the climate database.

Results

Water table depth and soil temperature were the most important factors influencing species composition. Significant differences were found between spring source area (A) and fen margin (C) plots for all taxa groups studied. Soil temperature played a significant role at the site level only for bryophytes and vascular plants. However, a large overlap between water table depth and soil temperature for bryophytes also suggests a synergistic effect of these two factors.

Conclusion

Soil temperature plays an important role in promoting compositional variation of vegetation on the within-site scale (i.e. a pure effect of soil temperature) in groundwater-dependent mires, as we show here for the first time. This is essential in the light of ongoing climate change. Conservation measures should primarily focus on bryophytes as they are the most temperature-sensitive organisms and important ecosystem engineers.

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Data availability

The datasets analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our gratitude to Daniel Dítě and Petra Lovecká for their help with the fieldwork and to Michal Pavonič for chemical analyses. We are also grateful to Ondřej Hájek for creating the map and we thank to two anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped to improve our manuscript.

Funding

The research was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (19-01775S) and Petra Hájková was partially supported by the long-term developmental project of the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO 67985939).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia

    Radovan Coufal, Petra Hájková, Michal Hájek, Martin Jiroušek, Marek Polášek, Veronika Horsáková & Michal Horsák

  2. Department of Paleoecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia

    Petra Hájková

  3. Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia

    Martin Jiroušek

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Contributions

Radovan Coufal: Writing – Original Draft, Data Curation, Investigation, Formal Analysis Petra Hájková: Investigation, Writing – Review & Editing Michal Hájek: Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Writing – Review & Editing Martin Jiroušek Data Curation, Investigation, Review & Editing Marek Polášek Data Curation, Review & Editing Veronika Horsáková: Writing – Review & Editing, Investigation Michal Horsák: Investigation, Writing – Review & Editing, Conceptualization, Supervision.

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Correspondence to Radovan Coufal.

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Coufal, R., Hájková, P., Hájek, M. et al. Compositional variation of endangered spring fen biota reflects within-site variation in soil temperature. Plant Soil 485, 439–455 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05841-3

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