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Metabolomic Evenness Underlies Intraspecific Differences Among Lineages of a Wetland Grass

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Abstract

The metabolome represents an important functional trait likely important to plant invasion success, but we have a limited understanding of whether the entire metabolome or targeted groups of compounds confer an advantage to invasive as compared to native taxa. We conducted a lipidomic and metabolomic analysis of the cosmopolitan wetland grass Phragmites australis. We classified features into metabolic pathways, subclasses, and classes. Subsequently, we used Random Forests to identify informative features to differentiate five phylogeographic and ecologically distinct lineages: European native, North American invasive, North American native, Gulf, and Delta. We found that lineages had unique phytochemical fingerprints, although there was overlap between the North American invasive and North American native lineages. Furthermore, we found that divergence in phytochemical diversity was driven by compound evenness rather than metabolite richness. Interestingly, the North American invasive lineage had greater chemical evenness than the Delta and Gulf lineages but lower evenness than the North American native lineage. Our results suggest that metabolomic evenness may represent a critical functional trait within a plant species. Its role in invasion success, resistance to herbivory, and large-scale die-off events common to this and other plant species remain to be investigated.

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Data availability

Metabolomic and lipidomic data is available at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS4896, including the description of populations used in this study.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Todd Baker, Vaughan McDonald, Trebor Victoriano, and other Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries personnel for technical support. Assistance with field and lab work was provided by Matthew Berry and Joseph Johnston. We thank Claudia Solís-Lemus for advice on Random Forests.

Funding

This project was funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture (award number LAB94095 to Rodrigo Diaz, James T. Cronin and Michael J. Stout).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    Ana L. Salgado, Andrea E. Glassmire & James T. Cronin

  2. Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA

    Brian E. Sedio

  3. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Apartado, 0843–03092, Republic of Panama

    Brian E. Sedio

  4. Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    Rodrigo Diaz & Michael J. Stout

  5. Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic

    Jan Čuda & Petr Pyšek

  6. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, CZ -128 44, Czech Republic

    Petr Pyšek

  7. Department of Natural Resource Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA

    Laura A. Meyerson

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  1. Ana L. Salgado
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  2. Andrea E. Glassmire
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  4. Rodrigo Diaz
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  8. Laura A. Meyerson
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  9. James T. Cronin
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Contributions

Laura A. Meyerson and James T. Cronin conceived of the idea and conducted the experiment. Ana L. Salgado performed the data analyses and constructed all figures and tables. Brian E. Sedio identified and classified the features. Jan Čuda and Petr Pyšek provided the European samples. All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ana L. Salgado.

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Salgado, A.L., Glassmire, A.E., Sedio, B.E. et al. Metabolomic Evenness Underlies Intraspecific Differences Among Lineages of a Wetland Grass. J Chem Ecol 49, 437–450 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-023-01425-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-023-01425-2

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