Abstract
Aechmea distichantha Lemaire (Bromeliaceae) is an epiphytic, rupicolous or terricolous bromeliad, with a wide geographical distribution in the Cerrado, Chaco, and Atlantic Forest phytogeographic domains in South America. In this study, a plastidial DNA region and ten nuclear microsatellite markers were used to estimate the genetic diversity and population structure of nine populations of Aechmea distichantha from Brazil. Our results revealed that A. distichantha has low-to-moderate plastidial genetic diversity and moderate-to-high nuclear genetic diversity. In addition, a high genetic structure was observed among the A. distichantha populations in both genomes, suggesting restricted gene flow via seed and pollen. The high genetic differentiation found among A. distichantha populations in different geographical locations might be a consequence of its mixed reproductive system and restricted gene flow. The findings of the present study, with the unique genetic composition of most populations, suggests that in situ conservation is the most appropriate protection measure for these plant populations.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank to Andrea Ferreira da Costa for receiving us at the Herbarium of the National Museum of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and for helping during the collections in Itatiaia-RJ, to the Tourism Department of Caldas-MG, Brazil, especially Geraldo Magella de Carvalho, for his help during the collections in Pedra Branca, Caldas-MG, to Jorge Maurício Andrade and family for helping during fieldwork in Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Brazil, to Cristiano Medri (Universidade Estadual de Londrina), for his help during the collections in Londrina-PR, Brazil, to the biologist Mr. Paulo Schwirkowski, responsible for the SAMAE Forest Park in São Bento do Sul-SC, Brazil, for his assistance during collections. The authors also thank to the Environment Department of Iraí-RS, Brazil, together with the staff of the Hotel AJ Termas de Iraí, for their assistance during the collections in the Atlantic Forest of Rio Grande do Sul.
Funding
This study was funded by Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT N° 06/2016 – Doutorado em Mato Grosso do Sul), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq 457698/2014-4 and CNPq 305398/2019-9), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 2018/07596-0) for their financial support. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, and data collection were performed by FMRG, LVS, and GMP. Analyses were performed by FMRG, LVS, MVDQ, and CPS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by FMRG, and all authors commented on subsequent versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Online Resource 1. List of 50 bromeliad species studied using SSR markers for genetic diversity, gene flow, population structure, and hybridization analysis.
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Godoy, F.M.d., Vicente-Silva, L., Dantas-Queiroz, M.V. et al. Genetic diversity and population structure of Aechmea distichantha (Bromeliaceae), a widely geographically distributed species in South America. Plant Syst Evol 309, 5 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-023-01841-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-023-01841-7