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Symbiosis of isoetid plant species with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under aquatic versus terrestrial conditions

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Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize the roots of numerous aquatic and wetland plants, but the establishment and functioning of mycorrhizal symbiosis in submerged habitats have received only little attention. Three pot experiments were conducted to study the interaction of isoetid plants with native AMF. In the first experiment, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis did not establish in roots of Isoëtes echinospora and I. lacustris, while Littorella uniflora roots were highly colonized. Shoot and root biomass of L. uniflora were, however, not affected by AMF inoculation, and only one of nine AMF isolates significantly increased shoot P concentration. In the second experiment, we compared colonization by three Glomus tetrastratosum isolates of different cultivation history and origin (aquatic versus terrestrial) and their effects on L. uniflora growth and phosphorus nutrition under submerged versus terrestrial conditions. The submerged cultivation considerably slowed, but did not inhibit mycorrhizal root colonization, regardless of isolate identity. Inoculation with any AMF isolate improved plant growth and P uptake under terrestrial, but not submerged conditions. In the final experiment, we compared the communities of AMF established in two cultivation regimes of trap cultures with lake sediments, either submerged on L. uniflora or terrestrial on Zea mays. After 2-year cultivation, we did not detect a significant effect of cultivation regime on AMF community composition. In summary, although submerged conditions do not preclude the development of functional AM symbiosis, the contribution of these symbiotic fungi to the fitness of their hosts seems to be considerably less than under terrestrial conditions.

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Data availability

Data not included in the manuscript are accessible as a supplementary material, sequence data, and associated metadata are available from the PlutoF repository (https://plutof.ut.ee/#/doi/10.15156/BIO/807450).

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Acknowledgments

We greatly appreciate the statistical advice of Zuzana Münzbergová and technical assistance of Miroslava Ševcová (Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences). We are also indebted to the teams of Analytical Laboratories of the Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences for chemical analyses of plant biomass and substrates. We thank David Janos (editor) and the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments on a previous version of the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (project P504/10/0781 to RS) and by the long-term research project of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany (RVO 67985939).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 242 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic

    Radka Sudová, Jana Rydlová, Petr Kohout & Zuzana Kolaříková

  2. Biology Centre, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

    Martina Čtvrtlíková

  3. Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic

    Petr Kohout & Jana Voříšková

  4. Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic

    Petr Kohout

  5. Agroscope, Competence Division for Plants and Plant Products, Ecotoxicology, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland

    Fritz Oehl

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  1. Radka Sudová
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  2. Jana Rydlová
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  3. Martina Čtvrtlíková
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  6. Jana Voříšková
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  7. Zuzana Kolaříková
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Contributions

The study was designed by RS. MČ collected lake sediments and cultivated isoetid plantlets. RS and JR isolated aquatic AMF strains that were then identified by FO. The experiments were performed by RS, JR, MČ, and ZK. RS, ZK, and PK analysed the data; JV performed 454-sequencing. The paper was written by RS and ZK, with contributions from all co-authors.

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Correspondence to Radka Sudová.

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Sudová, R., Rydlová, J., Čtvrtlíková, M. et al. Symbiosis of isoetid plant species with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under aquatic versus terrestrial conditions. Mycorrhiza 31, 273–288 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-020-01017-y

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