Abstract
Water stress is a primary abiotic stress that produces several morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular alterations, which affect crop productivity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics and the hormone profiles of two sunflower inbred lines (C803 and R461-4) in response to moderate water stress at the early vegetative growth (V2) stage. Sunflower seedlings of C803 and R461-4 inbred lines obtained in pots filled with sand moistened to 60% field capacity were watered with (1) Hoagland’s solution (control) or (2) mannitol 400 mM (moderate water stress) to field capacity on the fourth day after sowing. At V2, the seedlings were harvested and sectioned into the aerial part and roots. The parameters recorded for the analyses included the aerial part and root length, fresh and dry weight, leaf area and expansion rate, stomatal conductance, osmotic potential, phytohormones and total soluble carbohydrates. Among these parameters, the leaf area and stomatal conductance were the most affected by water stress. Abscisic acid and salicylic acid showed significant increases in the aerial part of water-stressed seedlings, while abscisic acid was the most abundant phytohormone in the roots. In addition, 28-Homocastasterone was the brassinosteroid with higher levels in both lines. This is the first report of teasterone in the sunflower. Finally, total soluble carbohydrates increased upon stressful conditions. Altogether, the water stress led to different parameter alterations dependent on the inbred line and its different sensitivity to water stress.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Dr Julia Sabio y Garcia for critically reading the manuscript. This project was supported by a grant from SECYT of the University of Río Cuarto. A.B. held a post-graduate scholarship from CONICET, the National Research Council of Argentina.
Funding
This work was supported by the Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (SECyT-UNRC, 18/C538) and the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de Córdoba (PIODO, 008/17). The work was also supported by an ERDF grant for the project “Plants as a tool for sustainable global development” (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000827).
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AA and SA conceived and designed the experiments and revised and edited the manuscript. AB collected the data, measured the different parameters and wrote the manuscript. FR conducted the statistical analyses. AV edited the graphics and figures. JO and MS contributed to BRs measurement. All the authors approved the final version of this manuscript.
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Boero, A., Ramírez, F., Oklestkova, J. et al. A Differential Phytohormone Profile in the Aerial Part and Roots as a Response to Water Stress Underlying Morphophysiological and Biochemical Changes in Two Inbred Sunflower Lines at Early Growth Stage. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 7083–7095 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-10999-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-10999-w