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Investigation of nano-microstructural changes in Maastricht limestone after treatment with nanolime suspension

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Abstract

Nanolimes are dispersions of nanosized Ca(OH)2 particles in alcohols often used for the consolidation of various types of cultural heritage objects. The consolidation effect is based on the transformation of Ca(OH)2 into CaCO3 phases during carbonation process. The detection of microstructural changes consequent to a consolidating treatment (essential to evaluate its effectiveness) was approached adopting the innovative combination of two advanced techniques, covering a range in pore size from the nanometric to the millimetric scale: small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography (µ-CT). The changes in the 3D microstructure of samples of Maastricht limestone, a well-known weak stone material considered as a sort of ‘standard’ in cultural heritage conservation studies, pure and treated with nanolime dispersions, have been described in a fully non-invasive fashion, overcoming the limitation of previous approaches. The application of nanolime resulted to have a limited positive effect in reducing the fine porosity. Its time evolution was attributed to the progress of the carbonation reaction. On the contrary, the treatment produced positive effects on the porosity in the size range covered with µ-CT, reducing the pore accessibility between 30 and 65 µm, suggesting an improvement of the mechanical properties. The combined use of SANS and µ-CT represents and novel methodological approach in support of cultural heritage conservation works.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Czech Science Foundation GA ČR (Grant Number 17-05030S) for financial support, the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ in Garching, Germany) for the beamtime provided at the KWS-2 instrument operated by JCNS in the frame of a regular proposal and CERIC-ERIC Consortium for the access and travel support to the Elettra Sincrotrone facility (Trieste, Italy). The research leading to this result has been supported by the project CALIPSOplus under Grant Agreement 730872 from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prosecká 809/76, 190 00, Prague, Czech Republic

    Radek Ševčík, Alberto Viani & Dita Machová

  2. Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.P.A., S.S. 14-km 163.5 Area Science Park, Trieste, Basovizza, Italy

    Lucia Mancini

  3. Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Aussenstelle Am MLZ, Lichtenbergstraße 1, Garching, Germany

    Marie-Sousai Appavou

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  1. Radek Ševčík
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Correspondence to Radek Ševčík.

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Ševčík, R., Viani, A., Mancini, L. et al. Investigation of nano-microstructural changes in Maastricht limestone after treatment with nanolime suspension. Appl. Phys. A 126, 367 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-03567-6

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