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An update on the indigenous vascular flora of sub-Antarctic Marion Island: taxonomic changes, sequences for DNA barcode loci, and genome size data

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Abstract

The flora of sub-Antarctic Marion Island forms part of the unique South Indian Ocean Biogeographic Province, and is under threat from climate change and invasive species. Current information on the flora is necessary to rapidly identify and manage future changes. We conducted a literature search on the taxonomy of indigenous vascular plant species on Marion Island and found nomenclatural changes following taxonomic revisions for Austroblechnum penna-marina (Poir.) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich, Carex dikei (Nelmes) K.L.Wilson, Leptinella plumosa Hook.f., Notogrammitis crassior (Kirk) Parris, Phlegmariurus saururus (Lam.) B.Øllg., and Polypogon magellanicus (Lam.) Finot. Additionally, Ranunculus moseleyi Hook.f. was removed from our species checklist due to its long absence in floristic surveys, leaving 21 species in the indigenous vascular plant flora present on Marion Island. We also amplified and sequenced the universal plant barcoding loci rbcL and matK for 19 and 13 species, respectively, and found that ample interspecific genetic distance and minimal intraspecific genetic distance allowed for easy discrimination between species. Lastly, we obtained genome size estimates using flow cytometry for 12 species. Mean 2C genome size for species on Marion Island ranged from 0.44 to 21.44 pg, which is on the lower end of the known range for vascular plant species. We detected two distinct cytotypes in Poa cookii (Hook.f.) Hook.f. and one cytotype in all other species measured.

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Data availability

DNA sequence data generated in this study are available on GenBank.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF) through South African National Antarctic Program (SANAP) research grants to MG, PClR, and BJvV (Grant Numbers 110734, 110726, and 110728) and a Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme grant to RAD (UID: 98120). Sampling on Marion Island was conducted during the 2016 and 2018 relief voyages, which were logistically supported and funded by the South African Department of Environmental Affairs and SANAP. We thank the South African Department of Environmental Affairs (permits PEIMC1/2013 and PEIMR15/2016) and Cape Nature (0027-AAA008-00803) for permission to collect on Marion Island. JHC and MM were supported through grant-holder postdoctoral bursaries to BJvV (SANAP), with supplementary funding from the University of Johannesburg and Stellenbosch University. NISM was supported by a NRF SANAP Masters Fellowship. ZM was supported by the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO67985939) and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. We thank Tirupathi Rao Golla for assistance with DNA sequencing and Zuzana Líblová for assistance with flow cytometry. This manuscript was improved by the input of several anonymous reviewers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa

    John H. Chau & Bettine Jansen van Vuuren

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa

    Nasipi I. S. Mtsi & Rosemary A. Dorrington

  3. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 01, Prague, Czech Republic

    Zuzana Münbergová

  4. Department of Population Ecology, Czech Academy of Science, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic

    Zuzana Münbergová

  5. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

    Michelle Greve & Peter C. le Roux

  6. Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

    Mario Mairal

  7. Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia

    Johannes J. Le Roux

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Chau, J.H., Mtsi, N.I.S., Münbergová, Z. et al. An update on the indigenous vascular flora of sub-Antarctic Marion Island: taxonomic changes, sequences for DNA barcode loci, and genome size data. Polar Biol 43, 1817–1828 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02747-7

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