Figure 1

(Color online) Graph of the time dependence of the potential in which the particles move. Full line: $V_1\left(\tau \right)$, dashed line: $V_2\left(\tau \right)$. The potential at the third site, $V_0$, is time independent.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 2

(Color online) Spatiotemporal diagrams of the configurations of the motor particles. The width of the sample is $L=18$, temperature $T=10$, quarter period $t=4$, external load $F=0$. Each panel corresponds to different combination of two parameters, the number of particles $N$ and the interaction strength $g$, whose values are indicated at corresponding columns and rows. Dots denote presence of exactly one particle at given space and time, the other symbols presence of more particles, namely two (○), three (△), four (◇), five (◻), and six (▽). The diagonal straight lines are guides for the eyes, indicating the movement of the minima of the potential $V\left(x,\tau \right)$.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 3

(Color online) Current [panel (a)] and efficiency [panel (b)] as a function of interaction strength, for $N=L=1200$, $t=16$, and $F=0.1$. The temperature is $T=0$ (solid line), $T=10$ (dashed line), and $T=30$ (dotted line).Reuse & Permissions

Figure 4

(Color online) Current as a function of interaction strength, for $L=1200$, $t=16$, and $T=10$. The number of particles is $N=360$ (density $\rho =0.3$) in the panel (a), $N=840$ (density $\rho =0.7$) in the panel (b), and $N=1200$ (density $\rho =1$) in the panel (c). Different curves correspond to load, from top to bottom, $F=0$ (solid), 0.1 (dashed), 0.2 (dotted), 0.3 (solid), 0.4 (dashed), and 0.5 (dotted).Reuse & Permissions

Figure 5

(Color online) Dependence of the current on the load, for $L=1200$, $N=600$, $T=10$, $t=16$, and interaction $g=0$ (●), 0.2 (△), 0.3 (◻), 0.4 (○), 0.45 (◼), and 0.5 (◇).Reuse & Permissions

Figure 6

(Color online) Dependence of the response at zero load on particle density, for $N=1200$, $t=16$, $g=0.9$, and the temperature $T=30$ (solid line), $T=10$ (dotted line), and $T=0$ (dashed line).Reuse & Permissions

Figure 7

(Color online) Dependence of the response on interaction strength, for $L=N=1200$, and $t=16$. Lines: response at zero load; symbols: response at zero current. The temperature is $T=10$ [panel (a)], $T=30$ [panel (b)].Reuse & Permissions

Figure 8

(Color online) Dependence of the current on particle density, for $N=1200$, $T=10$, $t=16$, $F=0$, and interaction $g=0.9$ (solid line), $g=0.52$ (dashed line), $g=0.49$ (dotted line), and $g=0.3$ (dash-dotted line).Reuse & Permissions

Figure 9

(Color online) The weight of forward (positive quantities) and minus weight of backward (negative quantities) steps performed at instants ${\tau }^{\prime }=\tau \text{mod}\left(4t\right)$ within the period. The steps originate at points $x^{\prime }=x\text{mod}3$, where $x^{\prime }=0$ corresponds to dotted line, $x^{\prime }=1$ to solid line, and $x^{\prime }=2$ to dashed line. The five panels have the following parameters, starting from the top. (a): $N=400$, $g=0$, $F=0$. (b): $N=400$, $g=0.9$, $F=0$. (c): $N=600$, $g=0.9$, and $F=0$. (d): $N=800$, $g=0.9$, and $F=0$. (e): $N=400$, $g=0.9$, and $F=0.3$. All five: $L=1200$, $T=10$, and $t=16$.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 10

(Color online) Sensitivity of the weight of forward (a) and backward (b) steps to the change in external load. In this statistics, steps originate at site $x$, where $0=x\text{mod}3$ and particles go to the site already occupied by exactly one particle. Solid line corresponds to interaction $g=0.5$, dashed line $g=0.4$, dotted line $g=0$. Other parameters are $N=L=1200$, $T=10$, and $t=16$. As for the external load $F$, see the definition of the plotted quantities in the main text.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 11

(Color online) Current (○), efficiency (△), average energy input (◇) and its positive $(+)$ and negative $(\times )$ parts, all relative to the value at $g=0$. The other parameters are $N=L=1200$, $T=10$, $t=16$, and $F=0.1$.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 12

(Color online) Dependence of the average energy input gained by one particle on the shift of the particle. The quarter period is $t=16$ and the time lag $\Delta \tau =100t$ (i.e., 25 periods). The temperature is $T=10$ (○ and △) and $T=30$ (◻ and ◇). The interaction is $g=0$ (○ and ◇) and $g=0.1$ (◻ and △). The remaining parameters are $N=L=1200$, $F=0.1$. The horizontal axis is normalized by the number of time periods, which is $\Delta \tau /4t$; therefore, it expresses the shift per period.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 13

(Color online) Probability distribution of the input energy gained by a single particle at fixed value of the shift of this particle, within the time lag $\Delta \tau =400t$ (i.e., 100 periods). The fixed shift is $\Delta x=282$ (○), $\Delta x=283$ (◻), and $\Delta x=284$ (△).The other parameters are $N=L=1200$, $T=10$, $t=16$, $g=0.1$, and $F=0.1$. The horizontal axis is normalized by the number of time periods, which is $\Delta \tau /4t$, therefore it expresses the energy input per period.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 14

(Color online) Probability distribution of the shift of a particle within the time lag $\Delta \tau =1000t$ (i.e., 250 periods), relative to the most probable value $\Delta x_0$. The interaction strength is $g=0$ (○, with $\Delta x_0=718$) and $g=0.1$ (△, with $\Delta x_0=718$). The other parameters are $N=L=1200$, $T=10$, $t=16$, and $F=0.1$. The horizontal axis is normalized by the number of time periods, which is $\Delta \tau /4t$, therefore it expresses the shift per period.Reuse & Permissions