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Seed mass and plant home site environment interact to determine alpine species germination patterns along an elevation gradient

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Abstract

Ongoing changes in temperature and precipitation regime may have a strong impact on vulnerable life-history stages such as germination, especially in alpine regions. Differences in germination patterns among species and populations may reflect their adaptation to conditions of their origin or may be determined by the phylogenetic constraints. These two effects are, however, rarely separated. All the germination patterns may also be modified by seed mass. We studied 40 populations of 14 species of Impatiens coming from different elevations in the Himalayas. Three home site temperatures were simulated and one warmer temperature according to a climate change scenario were used. We also studied the combined effect of shorter stratification and warmer temperature as another possible effect of climate change. Interactions of home site and germination conditions affected total germination and germination speed, but not seed dormancy. Seed mass and home site conditions’ interaction indicated different germination strategies in light and heavy seeds. Only seed mass was affected by phylogenetic relationships among the species, while germination response (except T30) was driven primarily by home site conditions. This study is the first to show that the effect of seed mass interacts with home site conditions in determining species’ germination patterns under changing climate. The differences in seed mass are thus likely crucial for species’ ability to adapt to novel conditions since seed mass, unlike seed germination patterns, is strongly phylogenetically constrained. Further studies exploring how seed mass modifies species’ germination under changing climate are needed to confirm generalisability of these findings.

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All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published in supplementary information files [ESM_5–Data].

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Acknowledgements

We thank Z. Líblová and M. Lokvencová for help with the germination experiment, Z. Líblová and M. Šurinová for providing their unpublished phylogenetic data, Wojciech Adamowski for help with species identification and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the previous version of the manuscript. The study was supported by project GAČR 17-10280S.

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The study was supported by project Grant Agency of Czech Republic 17-10280S.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia

    Andrea Veselá, Tomáš Dostálek & Zuzana Münzbergová

  2. Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czechia

    Andrea Veselá, Tomáš Dostálek, Maan Bahadur Rokaya & Zuzana Münzbergová

  3. Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia

    Maan Bahadur Rokaya

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  1. Andrea Veselá
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AV, TD, ZM conceived and designed the experiments. MBR conducted the fieldwork and AV performed the germination experiments. AV and ZM analysed the data. AV wrote the manuscript and all authors contributed to the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Andrea Veselá.

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Veselá, A., Dostálek, T., Rokaya, M.B. et al. Seed mass and plant home site environment interact to determine alpine species germination patterns along an elevation gradient. Alp Botany 130, 101–113 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00035-020-00242-7

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