Abstract
This paper describes laboratory verification tests for determining the efficiency of various consolidation treatments on Czech quartz sandstone. It compares material data acquired using circular discs and rectangular plates. While the application of rectangular plates enables the testing not only of strength but also of other material characteristics – e.g., moisture, water saturation or temperature dilation parameters – on identical specimens, the biaxial bending easily applicable only for mechanical testing gives data better describing material unisotropy. At the same time the influence of two different modes of consolidation agent application was taken into account – namely, capillary rise and brushing, which is typically used in conservation practice. Furthermore, cylinders and cubes were treated with the consolidation agents in order to determine their depth penetration ability. After maturing, the cylinders and cubes were cut into thin slices after being tested with ultrasonic measurements to determine differences in wave velocity across the specimen along the depth profile of the treated bulk. The experimental data were compared to ultrasonic tests as well as theoretically computed strength, for which a FEM model was used in the case of biaxial bending. Differences in consolidation effects are also discussed in relation to the chemical characteristics of the applied consolidation agents which were based in the case under study on ethylsilicate compounds and thus produced various amount of acting SiO2 gel inside the porous system. Both techniques were found to be useful in the testing of consolidation agents being developed before their introduction into conservation practice.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Drdácký MF, Slížková Z (2008) Performance of glauconitic sandstone treated with ethylsilicate consolidation agents. In: Łukaszewicz JW, Niemcewicz P (eds) Proceedings of the 11th international congress on deterioration and conservation of stone, vol. 2, pp 1205–1212. Nicolaus Copernicus University Press, Toruń
Danzer R, Supancic P, Harrer W, Wang Zh, Börger A (2006) Biaxial strength testing on mini specimens. In: Gdoutos EE (ed) Fracture of nano and engineering materials and structures, pp 589–590. Springer, Dordrecht
Kim J, Kim DJ, Zi G (2013) Improvement of the biaxial flexure test method for concrete. Cem & Concrete Comp 37:154–160
Wittmann FH, Prim P (1983) Mesures de l’effet consolidant d’un produit de traitement. Lab Matér Constr 16(194):235–242
Drdácký M (2018) Testing efficiency of stone conservation treatments. In: Hosseini M, Karapanagiotis I (eds) Advanced materials for the conservation of stone AG 2018, pp 175–184. Springer, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72260-3
Shetty DK, Rosenfield AR, Duckworth WH, Held PR A biaxial-flexure test for evaluating ceramic strengths. J Am Ceram Soc 66(11):36–42
Ziegenbalg G, Piaszczynski E (2012) The combined application of calcium hydroxide nano-sols and silicic acid ester-a promising way to consolidate stone and mortar. In: Ponencia presentada en el 12th international congress on the deterioration and conservation of stone, pp 22–26)
Glandus J (1986) Meaning of the biaxial flexure tests of discs for strength measurements Journal de Physique Colloques 47:C1-595–C1-600
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge support of the Czech Grant Agency Project G105/12/059, and the kind help of Ivana Frolíková with figure preparation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 RILEM
About this paper
Cite this paper
Leal, L.N.P., Drdácký, M., Slížková, Z. (2019). Flexural Tests on Consolidation Effects on Stone. In: Aguilar, R., Torrealva, D., Moreira, S., Pando, M.A., Ramos, L.F. (eds) Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions. RILEM Bookseries, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99441-3_78
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99441-3_78
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-99440-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-99441-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)