Significance of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human health

0477900 - MBÚ 2018 RIV GB eng J - Článek v odborném periodiku
Zárate, R. - El Jaber-Vazdekis, Nabil - Tejera, N. - Pérez, J.A. - Rodrígues, C.
Significance of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human health.
Clinical and Translational Medicine. Roč. 6, JUL 27 (2017), s. 1-19, č. článku 25. ISSN 2001-1326. E-ISSN 2001-1326
Grant CEP: GA MŠMT(CZ) LO1416
Institucionální podpora: RVO:61388971
Klíčová slova: Lipidomics * Lipids * Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Obor OECD: Microbiology

In the last decades, the development of new technologies applied to lipidomics has revitalized the analysis of lipid profile alterations and the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism, together with their involvement in the occurrence of human disease. Of particular interest is the study of omega-3 and omega-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), notably EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3), DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3), and ARA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6), and their transformation into bioactive lipid mediators. In this sense, new families of PUFA-derived lipid mediators, including resolvins derived from EPA and DHA, and protectins and maresins derived from DHA, are being increasingly investigated because of their active role in the 'return to homeostasis' process and resolution of inflammation. Recent findings reviewed in the present study highlight that the omega-6 fatty acid ARA appears increased, and omega-3 EPA and DHA decreased in most cancer tissues compared to normal ones, and that increments in omega-3 LC-PUFAs consumption and an omega-6/omega-3 ratio of 2-4:1, are associated with a reduced risk of breast, prostate, colon and renal cancers. Along with their lipid-lowering properties, omega-3 LC-PUFAs also exert cardioprotective functions, such as reducing platelet aggregation and inflammation, and controlling the presence of DHA in our body, especially in our liver and brain, which is crucial for optimal brain functionality. Considering that DHA is the principal omega-3 FA in cortical gray matter, the importance of DHA intake and its derived lipid mediators have been recently reported in patients with major depressive and bipolar disorders, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The present study reviews the relationships between major diseases occurring today in the Western world and LC-PUFAs.
Trvalý link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0274107