Biological Invasions in South Africa

0539327 - BÚ 2021 RIV CH eng M - Část monografie knihy
Pyšek, Petr - Pergl, Jan - van Kleunen, M. - Dawson, W. - Essl, F. - Kreft, H. - Weigelt, P. - Wilson, J. R. U. - Winter, M. - Richardson, D. M.
South Africa as a donor of naturalized and invasive plants to other parts of the world.
Biological Invasions in South Africa. Cham: Springer, 2020 - (van Wilgen, B.; Measy, J.; Richardson, D.; Zengeya, T.), s. 759-785. Invading Nature, Springer Series in Invasion Ecology, 14. ISBN 978-3-030-32393-6
Grant CEP: GA ČR(CZ) GX19-28807X
Institucionální podpora: RVO:67985939
Klíčová slova: South Africa * plant invasions * donor region
Obor OECD: Ecology
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_26

We provide the first assessment of South African native vascular plants as naturalised and invasive species in other parts of the world. Results show that 1093 South African native plant taxa have been recorded as naturalised, but for only 79 of these is there strong and unequivocal evidence of invasiveness in natural or semi-natural ecosystems. Thirty-five taxa have naturalised in more than 100 regions according to GloNAF database, and six taxa (all grasses—family Poaceae) are naturalised in more than 200 regions. However, of these, only 12 (34.2%) are recorded as invasive, and only nine fulfil the more conservative definition of invasive. These figures indicate that to be widely distributed does not automatically translate into being a strong invader, and that taxa that are extremely successful as invaders in some regions only succeed in specific environmental and geographic settings, and many of them are not widespread alien plants. Grasses are over-represented among both naturalised and invasive South African plant exports: 15% of naturalised species and 23% of invasive species are grasses. Temperate Asia and Europe are net donors of naturalised plants to South Africa, but Australasia and the Pacific Islands have received many more naturalised plants than they have donated to South Africa. Of taxa native to South Africa recorded as unequivocally invasive outside of cultivation elsewhere, 65% occur in Australia.
Trvalý link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0317015